Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

Table 4-43: Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates per Vehicle by Vehicle Type using Gasoline and Diesel(Grams per mile)1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010GASOLINE (assuming zero RFG)Light-duty vehiclesExhaust HC 2.79 2.50 2.23 1.98 1.77 1.57 1.39 1.25 1.14 1.05 0.97 0.89 0.81 0.74 0.61 0.52 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33Nonexhaust HC 1.21 1.17 1.12 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.91 0.88 0.84 0.81 0.77 0.72 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.51 0.46Total HC 4.00 3.67 3.35 3.07 2.84 2.62 2.41 2.26 2.12 2.00 1.88 1.77 1.65 1.54 1.37 1.25 1.13 1.04 0.95 0.87 0.79Exhaust CO 42.89 39.15 35.54 32.23 29.32 26.60 24.18 22.38 20.86 19.54 18.53 17.80 16.98 16.14 13.79 12.57 10.87 10.28 9.68 9.20 8.73Exhaust NO x 2.70 2.47 2.27 2.09 1.94 1.78 1.64 1.55 1.46 1.35 1.29 1.25 1.20 1.14 1.00 0.92 0.79 0.73 0.67 0.61 0.56Light-duty trucksExhaust HC 3.68 3.33 3.00 2.71 2.45 2.21 1.96 1.80 1.65 1.54 1.45 1.35 1.24 1.13 0.96 0.78 0.69 0.64 0.55 0.51 0.48Nonexhaust HC 1.37 1.30 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.90 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.66 0.62 0.58 0.53Total HC 5.05 4.63 4.21 3.88 3.59 3.32 3.04 2.85 2.68 2.54 2.43 2.30 2.14 1.98 1.76 1.54 1.40 1.31 1.17 1.09 1.01Exhaust CO 56.23 51.99 47.93 44.34 40.77 37.51 34.47 32.20 30.23 28.28 26.81 25.43 23.85 21.51 18.76 16.23 14.33 13.52 12.49 11.76 11.02Exhaust NO x 2.62 2.42 2.26 2.11 1.98 1.84 1.73 1.65 1.59 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.50 1.45 1.32 1.21 1.09 1.02 0.94 0.88 0.81Heavy-duty vehiclesExhaust HC 3.66 3.34 3.03 2.76 2.39 2.16 1.94 1.73 1.51 1.35 1.22 1.09 0.98 0.82 0.73 0.64 0.53 0.48 0.42 0.32 0.28Nonexhaust HC 2.74 2.60 2.34 2.25 2.16 2.07 1.97 1.87 1.79 1.69 1.62 1.54 1.48 1.41 1.35 1.24 1.14 1.07 0.99 0.92 0.86Total HC 6.40 5.94 5.37 5.00 4.55 4.24 3.91 3.60 3.29 3.04 2.84 2.63 2.46 2.24 2.08 1.88 1.67 1.54 1.41 1.24 1.14Exhaust CO 85.61 78.64 72.12 65.92 60.01 54.16 48.52 43.26 38.82 34.54 31.08 27.59 24.73 20.60 18.46 16.73 14.51 13.55 12.38 9.96 9.42Exhaust NO x 7.19 6.96 6.72 6.52 6.35 6.11 5.89 5.73 5.56 5.40 5.26 5.13 5.01 4.91 4.62 4.28 3.73 3.33 2.94 2.58 2.25MotorcyclesExhaust HC 2.01 1.88 1.82 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.63 1.63 1.62 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61Nonexhaust HC 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68Total HC 2.74 2.60 2.54 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.34 2.32 2.32 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.30 2.30 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.29Exhaust CO 15.15 14.78 14.77 14.76 14.76 14.67 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.58 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59Exhaust NO x 1.26 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25DIESELLight-duty vehiclesExhaust HC 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.73 0.60 0.58 0.48 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.18Exhaust CO 1.49 1.52 1.56 1.60 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.76 1.78 1.79 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.74 1.59 1.57 1.41 1.21 1.09 0.99 0.90Exhaust NO x 1.83 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.81 1.72 1.62 1.54 1.43 1.32 1.11 0.85 0.69 0.53 0.42Light-duty trucksExhaust HC 1.59 1.60 1.64 1.64 1.68 1.67 1.69 1.63 1.51 1.42 1.02 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.80 0.79 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.44Exhaust CO 2.67 2.70 2.76 2.77 2.85 2.85 2.89 2.79 2.60 2.44 1.77 1.54 1.66 1.68 1.68 1.37 1.34 1.06 0.93 0.82 0.76Exhaust NO x 2.71 2.66 2.62 2.56 2.53 2.46 2.42 2.31 2.17 2.07 1.76 1.64 1.67 1.66 1.59 1.37 1.30 1.09 0.94 0.82 0.72Heavy-duty vehiclesExhaust HC 2.21 1.97 1.74 1.55 1.38 1.23 1.10 1.00 0.92 0.85 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.61 0.58 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.39Exhaust CO 10.06 9.22 8.43 7.71 7.00 6.32 5.73 5.23 4.80 4.43 4.10 3.82 3.58 3.37 3.19 3.05 2.90 2.66 2.31 2.01 1.75Exhaust NO x 23.34 22.14 21.47 21.10 20.75 20.49 20.24 20.04 19.84 19.14 18.05 16.68 15.52 13.92 12.50 11.45 10.55 9.60 8.61 7.77 6.87Average Emissions Per Vehicle, Gasoline and Diesel FleetExhaust HC 2.98 2.70 2.42 2.18 1.96 1.76 1.56 1.43 1.32 1.23 1.16 1.08 0.99 0.91 0.77 0.65 0.58 0.54 0.48 0.45 0.42Nonexhaust HC 1.21 1.16 1.10 1.06 1.04 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.82 0.77 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.60 0.56 0.51 0.47Total HC 4.20 3.86 3.52 3.24 3.00 2.77 2.55 2.40 2.26 2.14 2.04 1.93 1.81 1.68 1.51 1.35 1.23 1.15 1.04 0.96 0.89Exhaust CO 45.07 41.43 37.93 34.76 31.84 29.12 26.65 24.90 23.40 22.00 20.94 20.02 18.94 17.49 15.24 13.56 11.95 11.32 10.55 9.93 9.37Exhaust NO x 4.15 3.92 3.75 3.61 3.49 3.36 3.24 3.18 3.12 3.02 2.91 2.78 2.65 2.48 2.25 2.07 1.87 1.73 1.57 1.44 1.30KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hydrocarbon; NO x = nitrogen oxide; RFG = reformulated gasoline.NOTESData are as of July 1 of each year. Vehicles types are defined as follows: light-duty vehicles (passenger cars up to 6,000 lb GVWR); light-duty trucks (pickups and minivans up to 8,500 lb GVWR); heavy-duty vehicles (8,501 lbs or moreGVWR); motorcycle (highway only). This table is based on MOBILE6, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) latest highway vehicle emissions factor model. Interested readers can learn more about the MOBILE6 model at thefollowing USEPA Internet site http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm.Emissions factors are national averages based on the following assumptions: ambient temperature 75 ºF, daily temperature range 60-84 ºF, average traffic speed 27.6 mph (representative of overall traffic in urban areas), standardoperating mode (cold-start, hot-start, stabilized), vehicle-miles traveled fractions, no inspection/maintenance or antitampering programs, and gasoline volatility 9.0 per square inch RVP (Reid vapor pressure).See table 4-44 for emissions from vehicles operating on reformulated gasoline.Data for nonexhaust HC is negligible for diesel light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles.Average emissions per vehicle rates assume a fleet comprised exclusively of gasoline and diesel vehicles. For emissions estimates of a fleet using RFG and diesel, see table 4-44.SOURCEU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, personal communication, June 28, 2010.