Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway Administration (FHWA) expenditures include funds for Federal Aid Highways (financed from theHTF) and the Interstate Substitution and Railroad Crossing Demonstration (financed from the general fund). TheNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) expenditures include: operations, research, and highwaytraffic safety grants. Federal highway expenditures also include road construction activities managed by theDepartment of the Interior's National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Reclamation, and Bureau ofLand Management; the Department of Agriculture's Forest Service; the Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment; and other federal agencies.State and local governments' highway expenditures reported by the Census Bureau are generally slightly lower thanthose reported in FHWA's Highway Statistics because the FHWA includes some highway expenditure data, such aslaw enforcement activities and patrols, and policing of streets and highways not included in the Census data. Box 3-1outlines the major differences in Census Bureau and FHWA calculation of state and local highway transportationfinancial statistics.Transit ExpendituresFederal expenditures include grants to states and local agencies for the construction, acquisition, and improvement ofmass transportation facilities and equipment and for the payment of operating expenses. Several other items are alsoincluded: Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) commuter rail subsidies related to the transition of Conrail to theprivate sector; research and administrative expenses of the Federal Transit Administration (FTA); and Federalinterest payment contribution to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transportation Authority (WMATA).Air ExpendituresFederal expenditures reported here consist of all FAA expenditures, such as those associated with constructing,operating, and maintaining the national air traffic system; administration of the airport grant program; safetyregulation; and research and development. NASA expenses related to air transportation are also included.State and local expenditures for air include the operation and maintenance of airport facilities, as administered bylocal airport and port authorities- quasigovernment agencies with responsibilities for promoting safe navigation andoperations for air modes.Waterway and Marine ExpendituresFederal expenditures comprise those parts of the U.S. Coast Guard's expenses that are transportation-related, suchas aids to navigation, marine safety, and marine environmental protection. All expenses of the U.S. MaritimeAdministration are included, such as subsidies for construction and operation of vessels by U.S.-flag operators,research and development, and training of ship officers. Also included are those expenses of the U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers for construction and operations and maintenance of channels, harbors, locks and dams; protection ofnavigation; the salaries and expenses of the Federal Maritime Commission; and the expenses of the Panama CanalCommission. Expenditures of the Panama Canal Commission for FY 2000 include outlays for the first quarter ofoperations, including severance pay and accumulated leave. FY 2001 expenses are for the settlement of remainingaccident and contract claims against the Commission.State and local governments incur water transportation expenditures by operating and maintaining water terminalfacilities within ports and harbors.Rail ExpendituresFederal rail transportation expenditures include:1. expenses for rail safety enforcement;2. inspection and program administration;3. railroad research and development;4. financial assistance to states for planning, acquisition, rail facility construction, and track rehabilitation withrespect to low volume freight lines;
5. grants to Amtrak, including funds to upgrade the high-speed line between Boston, Massachusetts, andWashington, DC, owned by Amtrak (the Northeast Corridor Improvement Program); annual appropriations tocover operating losses; and funds to invest in new equipment and facilities;6. the purchase of redeemable preference shares for track rehabilitation and line acquisition; and7. loan guarantee defaults for railroad rehabilitation and improvement and Conrail labor protection. 3The local rail freight assistance program, a program of FRA grants to state governments, has had a 70:30 percentfederal-state funding share since 1982.Pipeline ExpendituresThe Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) reimburses state agencies up to 50 percent of their costs to carry out statepipeline safety programs. Federal expenditures are for the enforcement programs, research and development, andgrants for state pipeline safety programs.General Support ExpendituresGeneral fund expenditures include all of the expenses of the following agencies: Office of Inspector General, NationalTransportation Safety Board, all expenses of the Research and Special Programs Administration, (except pipelineexpenditures) and the Office of the Secretary of Transportation (except for payments to Air Carriers and theCommission on Aircraft Safety).Limitations of the Source Data SetsThe database covers civilian transportation-related activities of government agencies including those of the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Coast Guard.As mention earlier, federal government data are compiled for the federal fiscal year, which begins on October 1, whilestate and local data are for fiscal years that generally start in July except for four states with other starting dates(Alabama and Michigan in October, New York in April, and Texas in September). While this may create a small errorin totals for any given year, the data are suitable for illustrating trends in public transportation finance.Readers should note that state and local governments data for census years are full counts and not subject tosampling errors, whereas the data for noncensus years are estimated from annual surveys of the Bureau of theCensus, which are subject to sampling variability of less than three percent. The Census Bureau's database alsodoes not include detailed modal information on interest earnings and bond issue proceeds on the revenue side norbond retirement and interest payments on the expenditure sideRevenuesTransportation-related revenues like local government property taxes on vehicles, equipment, and streets, and stateincome taxes to support rail and intercity bus services are not covered because they are not shown in the sourcematerials used to compile the database. In addition, taxes collected from users of the transportation system that gointo the general fund are not included. For example, rail generates fuel taxes that are designated for deficit reductionand hence are not considered as transportation revenues. The portion of the Highway Trust Fund (HTF) that goes tothe general fund is not considered as transportation revenues.ExpendituresIt is important to recognize that in some accounts in the Budget of the United States Government, expenditures for aparticular year understate total government disbursements. This is because certain offsetting collections of fees andassessments from the public are not treated as government revenues, but deducted from disbursements to determineexpenditures. These collections are those mandated, by statute, to be applied directly to finance agency expendituresrather than being transferred to the Treasury.In addition, the Census Bureau's highway expenditures data do not include highway law enforcement expenditures,which form a part of the state and local highway expenditures published in the Highway Statistics. To maintain
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
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SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 454 and 455: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 456 and 457: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 458 and 459: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 460 and 461: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 462 and 463: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 464 and 465: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 466 and 467: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 468 and 469: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 470 and 471: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 472 and 473: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 474 and 475: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 476 and 477: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 480 and 481: If transportation had been reviewed
Page 482 and 483: Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 484 and 485: RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
Page 486 and 487: multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 488 and 489: In general, lead emissions are esti
Page 490 and 491: The number of the people exposed to
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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