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Table 4-25: Energy Intensity of Class I Railroad a Freight Service1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Revenue freight ton-miles (millions) 572,309 697,878 764,809 754,252 918,958 876,984 1,033,969 1,038,875 1,066,781 1,109,309 1,200,701 1,305,688 1,355,975 1,348,926 1,376,802 1,433,461 1,465,960 1,495,472 1,507,011 1,551,438 1,662,598 1,696,425 1,771,897 1,770,545 1,777,236 1,532,214Car-miles (millions) 28,170 29,336 29,890 27,656 29,277 24,920 26,159 25,628 26,128 26,883 28,485 30,383 31,715 31,660 32,657 33,851 34,590 34,243 34,680 35,555 37,071 37,712 38,955 38,186 37,226 32,115Tons per car load 44.4 48.9 54.9 60.8 67.1 67.7 66.6 66.2 66.0 64.4 63.4 65.3 66.6 63.4 64.1 63.4 62.6 64.0 63.3 62.3 61.3 61.0 60.9 61.7 63.1 64.2Fuel consumed (million gallons) 3,463 3,592 3,545 3,657 3,904 3,110 3,115 2,906 3,005 3,088 3,334 3,480 3,579 3,575 3,583 3,715 3,700 3,710 3,730 3,826 4,059 4,098 4,192 4,062 3,886 3,192Energy intensity (Btu/revenue freight ton-mile) 839 714 643 672 589 492 418 388 391 386 385 370 366 368 361 359 350 344 343 342 339 335 328 318 303 289Energy intensity (Btu/car-mile) 17,051 16,983 16,450 18,341 18,495 17,310 16,516 15,727 15,952 15,932 16,234 15,886 15,652 15,662 15,218 15,222 14,836 15,027 14,918 14,925 15,187 15,072 14,926 14,754 14,479 13,786KEY: Btu = British thermal unit.a The threshold for classification as a Class I Railroads is based on operating revenues; the 2009 threshold is $389.8 million.NOTEThe heat equivalent factor used for Btu conversion is 138,700 Btu/gallon.SOURCEAssociation of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2010 (Washington, DC: 2010), pp. 34, 37, and 40, and similar tables in earlier editions.
Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amtrak Services1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Revenue passenger-miles (millions) a 3,931 4,503 4,785 6,057 6,273 6,091 6,199 5,921 5,545 5,050 5,166 5,304 5,330 5,498 5,571 5,314 5,680 5,511 5,381 5,410 5,783 6,179 5,914 6,420Locomotive fuel consumedTotal energy consumed (billion Btu) b 9,367 9,673 9,995 12,512 12,406 12,328 12,511 11,251 11,184 11,117 11,823 11,962 12,494 14,776 14,987 13,479 12,182 11,394 10,895 10,536 10,547 10,783 10,486 10,710Electric (millions of kWh) b,c 180 254 295 330 303 300 301 309 336 363 390 416 443 470 456 518 537 551 531 549 578 582 565 559Diesel (million gallons) c 63 64 65 82 82 82 83 74 72 71 76 76 79 95 97 84 75 69 65 62 62 63 62 63Energy intensity (Btu/revenue passenger-mile) a 2,383 2,148 2,089 2,066 1,978 2,024 2,018 1,900 2,017 2,201 2,289 2,255 2,344 2,688 2,690 2,537 2,145 2,068 2,025 1,948 1,824 1,745 1,773 1,668KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; kWh = kilowatt hour; U = data are not available.aRevenue passenger-miles data prior to 2001 are fiscal year data; 2001 data and more recent data are calendar year data.b Does not include electric power generation and distribution losses, which, if included, would triple the electric conversion factor given below and increase thenumbers in this row by about 20 percent.cElectric usage and diesel usage data are calendar year data.NOTEThe heat equivalent factors used in Btu conversion are: diesel = 138,700 Btu/gallon; electric = 3,412 Btu/kWh.SOURCESRevenue passenger-miles:1975-2000: Amtrak, Amtrak Annual Report, Statistical Appendix (Washington, DC: Annual Issues).2001-10: Amtrak, personal communications, Jan. 7, 2010 and July 26, 2011.Locomotive fuel consumed:1975-2001: Amtrak., State and Local Affairs Department, personal communication.2001-10: Amtrak, personal communications, Jan. 7, 2010 and July 26, 2011.
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
Page 62 and 63:
Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
Page 220 and 221: Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
Page 222 and 223: Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
Page 224: Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
Page 228 and 229: Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
Page 230 and 231: Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
Page 232 and 233: Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
Page 234 and 235: Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
Page 236 and 237: Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
Page 239: Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
Page 242 and 243: Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
Page 245: Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
Page 248 and 249: Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
Page 250 and 251: Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
Page 252 and 253: Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
Page 254 and 255: Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
Page 256 and 257: Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
Page 258 and 259: Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
Page 260 and 261: Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
Page 262 and 263: Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
Page 265 and 266: Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
Page 267 and 268: Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
Page 269: Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
Page 273 and 274: Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
Page 275 and 276: Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
Page 278: Section DAir Pollution
Page 281 and 282: Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
Page 283 and 284: 1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
Page 287 and 288: KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
Page 291 and 292: KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
Page 293 and 294: KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
Page 295 and 296: Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
Page 297 and 298: Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
Page 299 and 300: Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
Page 305 and 306: Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
Page 307 and 308: Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
Page 310: Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
Page 313 and 314: Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
Page 315 and 316: Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
Page 318: appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
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SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
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Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
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appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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BEA personal consumption expenditur
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Transportation-related government p
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information on their data collectio
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AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
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The American Public Transit Associa
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Government EmploymentThe Office of
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specifications or equations, should
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As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
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consistency between the different m
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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