Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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As mentioned above, the Highway Revenue Act of 1982 created the Mass Transit Account within the HTF. EffectiveApril 1983, the act provided one cent per gallon of the federal excise tax on gasoline sales to be set-aside for theMass Transit Account to help finance transit capital projects. The rate was increased to 1.5 cents per gallon onDecember 1, 1990; to 2 cents per gallon on January 1, 1996; and to 2.86 cents per gallon on October 1, 1997(FHWA, 1999). Although highway users pay these taxes, the funds are treated as federal transit revenues.State and local transit revenues include revenues from operations of public mass transportation systems (rapidtransit, subway, bus, railway, and commuter rail services), such as fares, charter fees, advertising income, and otheroperations revenues. They exclude subsidies from other governments to support either operations or capital projects.Air RevenuesThe Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, as amended by Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Acts of 1990and 1993, the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996, and the Taxpayers Relief Act of 1997, provides for thetransfer of receipts received in the U.S. Treasury from the passenger ticket tax and certain other taxes paid by airportand airway users to the Airport and Airways Trust Fund (AATF). Effective October 1, 1997, the Taxpayers Relief Actof 1997 extends aviation excise taxes for 10 years and includes the following major provisions (FAA, 1999):1. retains existing freight weigh bill, general aviation fuel and gas taxes, and a 6-dollar departure tax ondomestic flights to and from Alaska and Hawaii;2. converts the 10 percent ad valorem tax on domestic passenger tickets to a combination of ad valorem andflight segment tax over three years beginning October 1, 1997;3. imposes a new 7.5 percent tax on payments to airlines for frequent flyer and similar awards by banks andcredit card companies, merchants, frequent flyer program partners-other airlines, hotels, or rental carcompanies and other businesses;4. increases the current 6-dollar international departure tax to 12 dollars per passenger and adds a 12-dollarinternational arrival tax;5. lowers tax rates on flights to certain rural airports to 7.5 percent without a flight segment component; and6. transfers revenues from the 4.3 cents-per-gallon aviation fuel taxes currently dedicated to reduce thenational U.S. deficit from the general fund to the AATF.Most of this trust fund is used to finance the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) capital programs, namely,Facilities and Equipment; Research, Engineering, and Development; and Airport Improvement Program. Withincertain limits set by Congress, some of the remaining money is used to cover FAA operation and maintenanceexpenses. The portion of the FAA's operation and Maintenance expenses not paid from the trust fund revenues arefinanced by U.S. Treasury general funds.State and local revenues from air transportation are derived from airport charges. Beginning in 1992, localgovernments began collecting passenger facility charges and spending these revenues (both subject to FAAapproval) to finance capital programs.The collection of passenger facility charges was authorized by the Aviation Safety and Capacity Expansion Act of1990. 2Waterway and Marine RevenuesFederal water revenues come from four primary sources: the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund (HMTF), the InlandWaterways Trust Fund (IWATF), the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund (OSLTF), and tolls and other charges collected bythe Panama Canal Commission.The Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund was established in accordance with the Harbor Maintenance Revenue Act of1986. Revenues for this fund are derived from receipts of a 0.125 percent ad valorem user fee imposed oncommercial users of specified U.S. ports, Saint Lawrence Seaway tolls. On March 31, 1998, per a U.S. SupremeCourt ruling, the tax on exports was terminated (OMB, 2000). This fund is used to finance up to 100 percent of theU.S. Army Corps of Engineers' harbor operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, including O&M costs associated withGreat Lakes navigational projects, and the fund fully finances the operation and maintenance of the Saint LawrenceSeaway Development Corp.
The Inland Waterways Trust Fund was established by the Inland Waterways Revenue Act of 1978 and amended bythe Water Resources Development Act of 1986. The trust fund has been in effect since fiscal year 1981. The sourcesfor the fund are taxes imposed on fuel for vessels engaged in commercial waterway transportation and investmentinterest. From this tax of 24.3 cents per gallon, 4.3 cents goes for deficit reduction, and a statutory maximum of 20cents (raised to that level from the previous maximum of 19 cents at the beginning of 1995) goes to the Trust Fund.The funds are earmarked for financing one-half of the construction and rehabilitation costs of specified inlandwaterway projects.The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was established by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989. Revenues forthis fund are raised through tax collection of 5 cents on each barrel of oil produced domestically or imported (OMB,1999). The resources from this fund are used to finance oil pollution prevention and cleanup activities by variousfederal agencies. For the U.S. Coast Guard, the fund finances oil spill recovery and payment of claims. Beginning in1997, the fund also finances the annual disbursement to the Prince William Sound Oil Spill Recovery Institute.The Panama Canal Commission was established by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 to manage, operate, andmaintain the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The treaty period ended on December 31,1999, when the Republic of Panama assumed full responsibility for the canal. During the treaty period, thecommission collected tolls and other revenues, which were deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an account known asthe Panama Canal Revolving Fund. Money from this fund was used to finance canal operations and capitalprograms, which were reviewed annually by Congress. The revenues reported under this category for FY 2000 arefor the first quarter (October 1999 - December 1999) of Panama Canal operations.State and local water revenues are derived from canal tolls, rents from leases, concession rents, and other chargesfor use of commercial or industrial water transport and port terminal facilities and related services. Fees and rentsrelated to water facilities provided for recreational purposes, such as marina and public docks, and toll ferries are notincluded.Rail RevenuesThere are no governmental transportation revenues for rail (Rail generates fuel taxes that are designated for deficitreduction and, thus, are not considered transportation revenues in these tables).Pipeline RevenuesThe Pipeline Safety Program is funded by user fees assessed on a per-mile basis. The assessments are made oneach pipeline operator regulated by the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) of the Research and Special ProgramsAdministration (RSPA) in the U.S. Department of Transportation. There are no state and local revenues for pipeline.General Support RevenuesGeneral support revenues come from the Emergency Preparedness Fund, which is generated from fees paid byregistered shippers of hazardous materials. RSPA administers and distributes the revenues to states, territories, andtribes through the Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness (HMEP) grant program, which is authorized byFederal Hazardous Materials Transportation Law.Transportation ExpendituresExpenditures, rather than obligations, are used in these tables because they represent the final, actual costs to thegovernment, by year, for capital goods and operating services required by transportation programs. Obligationssuggest government commitment to future transportation expenditures, but do not indicate when the funds willactually be disbursed or even if the amounts obligated will be spent.It is important to recognize that in some accounts in the Budget of the United States Government, expenditures for aparticular year understate total government disbursements. This is because certain offsetting collections of fees andassessments from the public are not treated as government revenues, but deducted from disbursements to determineexpenditures. These collections are those mandated, by statute, to directly fund agency expenditures rather than betransferred to the U.S. Treasury. For this reason, expenditures do not necessarily indicate how much the federalgovernment actually spends on transportation each year.
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 454 and 455: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 456 and 457: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 458 and 459: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 460 and 461: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 462 and 463: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 464 and 465: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 466 and 467: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 468 and 469: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 470 and 471: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 472 and 473: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 474 and 475: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 476 and 477: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 480 and 481: If transportation had been reviewed
Page 482 and 483: Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 484 and 485: RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
Page 486 and 487: multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 488 and 489: In general, lead emissions are esti
Page 490 and 491: The number of the people exposed to
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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