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Appendix B: GlossaryBLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION(Highway): A measurement of the percentage ofalcohol in the blood by grams per deciliter.BRITISH THERMAL UNIT: The quantity ofheat needed to raise the temperature of 1 poundof water by 1 °F at or near 39.2 °F.BULK CARRIER (Water): A ship with specializedholds for carrying dry or liquid commodities, suchas oil, grain, ore, and coal, in unpackaged bulkform. Bulk carriers may be designed to carry asingle bulk product (crude oil tanker), or accommodateseveral bulk product types (ore/bulk/oilcarrier) on the same voyage or on a subsequentvoyage after holds are cleaned.BUS: Large motor vehicle used to carry more than10 passengers, includes school buses, intercitybuses, and transit buses.BUSINESS TRIP (American Travel Survey): Atrip taken for business or business combined withpleasure, or for attending a convention, conference,or seminar.CAFE STANDARDS: See Corporate Average FuelEconomy Standards.CAR-MILE (Rail): The movement of a railroadcar a distance of 1 mile. An empty or loaded carmilerefers to a mile run by a freight car with orwithout a load. In the case of intermodal movements,the designation of empty or loaded refersto whether the trailers/containers are moved withor without a waybill.CERTIFICATE OF PUBLIC CONVENIENCEAND NECESSITY (Air Carrier): A certificateissued by the Department of Transportation to anair carrier under Section 401 of the Federal AviationAct authorizing the carrier to engage in airtransportation.CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIER: An air carrierholding a Certificate of Public Convenience andNecessity issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation(DOT) to conduct scheduled servicesinterstate. These carriers may also conduct nonscheduledor charter operations. Certificated aircarriers operate large aircraft (30 seats or more ora maximum load of 7,500 pounds or more) inaccordance with FAR Part 121. See also LargeCertificated Air Carrier.CERTIFICATED AIRPORTS: Airports that serviceair carrier operations with aircraft seatingmore than 30 passengers.CHAINED DOLLARS: A measure used toexpress real prices, defined as prices that areadjusted to remove the effect of changes in thepurchasing power of the dollar. Real prices usuallyreflect buying power relative to a referenceyear. The “chained-dollar” measure is based onthe average weights of goods and services in successivepairs of years. It is “chained” because thesecond year in each pair, with its weights,becomes the first year of the next pair. Prior to1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars,a weighted measure of goods and services ina single year. See also Constant Dollars and CurrentDollars.CLASS I RAILROAD: A carrier that has anannual operating revenue of $250 million or moreafter applying the railroad revenue deflator formula,which is based on the Railroad Freight PriceIndex developed by the U.S. Department of Labor,Bureau of Labor Statistics. The formula is the currentyear's revenues x 1991 average index/currentyear's average index.COASTWISE TRAFFIC (Water): Domestic trafficreceiving a carriage over the ocean, or the Gulf ofMexico (e.g., between New Orleans and Baltimore,New York and Puerto Rico, San Franciscoand Hawaii, Alaska and Hawaii). Traffic betweenGreat Lakes ports and seacoast ports, when havinga carriage over the ocean, is also consideredcoastwise.COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION: Ratio of thesampling error (or standard error) of a statistic tothe value of that statistic. Also referred to as relativestandard error.COLLECTOR (Highway): In rural areas, routesthat serve intracounty rather than statewidetravel. In urban areas, streets that provide directaccess to neighborhoods and arterials.COLLISION WITH OBJECT (Transit): An incidentin which a transit vehicle strikes an obstacleother than a vehicle or person (e.g., building, utilitypole). Reports are made if the accident resultsin a death, injury, or property damage over$1,000.COLLISION WITH PEOPLE (Transit): An incidentin which a transit vehicle strikes a person.Excludes suicides and suicide attempts. Reportsare made if the incident results in death, injury, orproperty damage over $1,000.
Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH VEHICLE (Transit): An incidentin which a transit vehicle strikes or is struckby another vehicle. Reports are made if the incidentresults in a death, injury, or property damageover $1,000.COMBINATION TRUCK: A power unit (trucktractor) and one or more trailing units (a semitraileror trailer).COMMERCIAL BUS: Any bus used to carry passengersat rates specified in tariffs; charges may becomputed per passenger (as in regular route service)or per vehicle (as in charter service).COMMERCIAL SERVICE AIRPORT: Airportreceiving scheduled passenger service and having2,500 or more enplaned passengers per year.COMMUTER AIR CARRIER: Different definitionsare used for safety purposes and for economicregulations and reporting. For safetyanalysis, commuter carriers are defined as air carriersoperating under 14 CFR 135 that carry passengersfor hire or compensation on at least fiveround trips per week on at least one routebetween two or more points according to publishedflight schedules, which specify the times,days of the week, and points of service. On March20, 1997, the size of the aircraft subject to 14CFR 135 was reduced from 30 to fewer than 10passenger seats. (Larger aircraft are subject to themore stringent regulations of 14 CFR 121.) Helicopterscarrying passengers or cargo for hire,however, are regulated under CFR 135 whatevertheir size. Although, in practice, most commuterair carriers operate aircraft that are regulated forsafety purposes under 14 CFR 135 and most aircraftthat are regulated under 14 CFR 135 areoperated by commuter air carriers, this is not necessarilythe case.For economic regulations and reporting requirements,commuter air carriers are those carriersthat operate aircraft of 60 or fewer seats or amaximum payload capacity of 18,000 pounds orless. These carriers hold a certificate issued undersection 298C of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958,as amended.COMMUTER RAIL (Transit): Urban passengertrain service for short-distance travel between acentral city and adjacent suburb. Does not includerapid rail transit or light rail service.COMPACT CAR: An automobile industry designationusually consisting of cars with a wheelbasebetween 100 and 104 inches.COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS: Natural gascompressed to a volume and density that is practicalas a portable fuel supply. It is used as a fuel fornatural gas-powered vehicles.CONSTANT DOLLAR: Dollar value adjusted forchanges in the average price level by dividing acurrent dollar amount by a price index. See alsoChained Dollar and Current Dollar.CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMYSTANDARDS (CAFÉ): Originally established byCongress for new automobiles and later for lighttrucks. Under CAFE, automobile manufacturersare required by law to produce vehicle fleets witha composite sales-weighted fuel economy notlower than the CAFE standards in a given year.For every vehicle that does not meet the standard,a fine is paid for every one-tenth of a mile per gallonthat vehicle falls below the standard.CORPORATE FLYING (General Aviation): Corporateaircraft piloted by a professional crew.CRASH (Highway): An event that producesinjury and/or property damage, involves a motorvehicle in transport, and occurs on a trafficway orwhile the vehicle is still in motion after runningoff the trafficway.CRUDE OIL: A mixture of hydrocarbons thatexists in the liquid phase in natural undergroundreservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressureafter passing through surface-separatingfacilities.CURRENT DOLLAR: Dollar value of a good orservice in terms of prices current at the time thegood or service is sold. See also Chained Dollarand Current Dollar.DEADWEIGHT TONNAGE (Water): The carryingcapacity of a vessel in long tons (2,240pounds). It is the difference between the numberof tons of water a vessel displaces “light” and thenumber of tons it displaces when submerged tothe “load line.”DEMAND-RESPONSIVE VEHICLE (Transit): Anonfixed-route, a nonfixed-schedule vehicle thatoperates in response to calls from passengers ortheir agents to the transit operator or dispatcher.
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
Page 62 and 63:
Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Table 4-48: Estimated National Emis
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Page 305 and 306: Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
Page 307 and 308: Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
Page 310: Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
Page 313 and 314: Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
Page 315 and 316: Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
Page 318: appendix aMetric ConversionTables
Page 321 and 322: Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
Page 323 and 324: Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
Page 325 and 326: Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
Page 327 and 328: a Includes freight, express, and ma
Page 329 and 330: Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
Page 331 and 332: Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
Page 333 and 334: Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
Page 335 and 336: Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
Page 337 and 338: Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
Page 339 and 340: Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
Page 341 and 342: Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
Page 343 and 344: Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
Page 345 and 346: Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
Page 347 and 348: Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
Page 349 and 350: Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
Page 351 and 352: Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
Page 353: Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
Page 357 and 358: Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
Page 359 and 360: Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
Page 361 and 362: Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
Page 363 and 364: Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
Page 365 and 366: Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
Page 367 and 368: appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
Page 370: appendix dModal Profiles
Page 373 and 374: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 375 and 376: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 377 and 378: Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 379 and 380: General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
Page 381 and 382: Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
Page 383 and 384: KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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BEA personal consumption expenditur
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Transportation-related government p
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information on their data collectio
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AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
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The American Public Transit Associa
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Government EmploymentThe Office of
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specifications or equations, should
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As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
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consistency between the different m
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Page 480 and 481:
If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Page 494 and 495:
If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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