Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transportation Fatalities by ModeTABLE 2-47. Recreational Boating Safety, Alcohol Involvement, and Property Damage DataTABLE 2-48. Personal Watercraft Safety DataTABLE 2-49. U.S. Coast Guard Search and Rescue Statistics, Fiscal YearsOperators of boats involved in an accident resulting in 1) a fatality, 2) an injury requiring medical treatment beyondfirst aid, 3) damage to the vessel or other property greater than $25,000 or complete loss of vessel, or 4) thedisappearance of a person from the vessel under circumstances indicating death or injury are required to file a reportwith the U.S. Coast Guard. If a person dies within 24 hours of the occurrence, requires medical treatment beyond firstaid, or disappears from the vessel, reports must be made within 48 hours of the occurrence. In cases involving onlydamage to the vessel and/or property, reports are to be submitted within 10 days of the occurrence. Although there isno quantitative estimate of the response rate, there may be considerable underreporting, especially of nonfatalaccidents, because of the difficulty of enforcing the requirement and because boat operators may not always beaware of the law.NATURAL GAS AND LIQUID PIPELINE DATATABLE 2-1. Transportation Fatalities by ModeTABLE 2-2. Transportation Injuries by ModeTABLE 2-3. Transportation Accidents by ModeTABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transportation Fatalities by ModeTABLE 2-6. Hazardous Materials Safety Data and Property Damage DataIncidents resulting in certain unintentional releases of hazardous materials must be reported under 49 CFR 171.16.Each carrier must submit a report to the U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials SafetyAdministration (PHMSA) within 30 days of the incident, including information on the mode of transportation involved,results of the incident, and a narrative description of the accident. These reports are made available on the incidentdatabase within 60 days of receipt.Fatalities and injuries are counted only if they are directly due to a hazardous material. For example, a truck operatorkilled by impact forces during a motor vehicle crash would not be counted as a hazardous-material fatality. PHMSAverifies all reported fatalities and injuries by telephone with the carrier submitting the report.Possible sources of error include a release going undetected; even if subsequently detected and reported, it may notbe possible to accurately reconstruct the accident. Although PHMSA acknowledges that there is some level ofunderreporting, it believes that the underreporting is limited to small, nonserious incidents. As incident severityincreases, it is more likely that the incident will come to PHMSA's attention and will ultimately be reported.Additionally, the reporting requirements were extended to intrastate highway carriers on October 1, 1998, and theresponse rate from this new group is expected to increase over time. Property damage figures are estimatesdetermined by the carrier prior to the 30-day reporting deadline and are generally not subsequently updated. Propertydamage figures, therefore, may underestimate actual damages.TABLE 2-50. Hazardous Liquid and Natural Gas Pipeline Safety and Property Damage DataU.S. fatality and injury data for natural gas pipelines are based on reports filed with the U.S. Department ofTransportation (USDOT), Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), Office of Pipeline Safety(OPS). Accidents must be reported as soon as possible, but no later than 30 days after discovery. Reports are sent tothe Information Systems Manager at the OPS. Possible sources of error include a release going undetected; even ifsubsequently detected and reported, it may not be possible to accurately reconstruct the accident. Property damagefigures are estimates. (See glossary for gas and liquid pipeline fatality data and injury definitions.)
Appendix EData Source and Accuracy StatementsChapter 3 Transportation and the EconomyTABLE 3-1 & 3-2. U.S. Gross Domestic Product Attributed to For-Hire Transportation Services(Current and chained 2005 dollars)TABLE 3-3 & 3-4. U.S. Gross Domestic Product Attributed to Transportation-Related Final Demand(Current and chained 2005 dollars)TABLE 3-5 & 3.6. U.S. Gross Domestic Demand Attributed to Transportation-Related Final Demand (Currentand chained 2005 dollars)TABLE 3-7 & 3-8. Contributions to Gross Domestic Product: Selected Industries (Current and chained 2005dollars)TABLE 3-9. Gross Domestic Product by Major Social FunctionTables 3-1 through 3-8 present data on transportation's contributions to the economy through consumption (or themoney spent on transportation activity). The Survey of Current Business (SCB) published by the U.S. Department ofCommerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The SCB is a monthly journal that contains estimates of U.S.economic activity, including industry contributions to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is defined as the netvalue of the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States. BEAconstructs two complementary measures of GDP-one based on income and the other on expenditures (product).Together, they represent the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), our nation's principle framework formacroeconomic estimates. The product side results from the addition of labor, capital, and taxes for producing output.Consumption derives from household, business, and government expenditures and net foreign purchases.Tables 3-5 and 3-6 present transportation's economic impact in a different form, Gross Domestic Demand (GDD).Also derived from the national accounts, GDD is the sum of personal consumption, gross private domesticinvestment, and government purchases. GDD includes imports, but excludes exports, thus counting only what isconsumed, purchased, or invested in the United States.GDP MethodologyThe 1960 through 1985 data in table 3-1 are from the November 1993 issue of the SCB. The 1990 through 1991 dataand 1992 through 1996 data are from an August 1996 and November 1997 SCB issue respectively. The October1999 issue introduced a revised methodology for GDP estimates (Yuskavage 1996). This section describes BEA'smethodology for estimating transportation's share of GDP.BEA's current-dollar estimates of GDP by industry rely on several sources, including the Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS), the Health Care Financing Administration, and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Some of the tables in thischapter report chained-dollar figures. BEA derived chained dollars by using the Fisher Ideal Quantity Index tocalculate changes between adjacent years (Parker and Triplett 1996; Landerfeld and Parker 1997). Annual changesare then chained to form a time series that incorporates the effects of relative price and output composition changes.Please refer to page 142 of the August 1996 issue of the Survey of Current Business for the mathematical formulas(Yuskavage 1996). This method produced separate estimates of gross output and intermediate inputs for a sector'sGDP calculation. BEA updated the reference year for the chained-dollar estimates from 1992 to 1996.Transportation GDP in chained dollars was estimated using the double-deflation method, which relies on a chain-typequantity index formula, and requires gross output and intermediate input information. Principal source data for thetransportation categories include: 1) operating revenues of air carriers and Federal Express from the U.S.Department of Transportation and public sources (air); 2) operating revenues for Class I motor carriers from historicalrecords of the Interstate Commerce Commission and Census Bureau annual surveys (trucking and warehousing); 3)
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 375 and 376: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 377 and 378: Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 379 and 380: General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
Page 381 and 382: Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
Page 383 and 384: KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 448 and 449: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 454 and 455: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 456 and 457: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 458 and 459: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 460 and 461: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 462 and 463: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 464 and 465: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 466 and 467: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 468 and 469: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 470 and 471: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 472 and 473: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 474 and 475: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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