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Highway, Total (registered vehicles)The 1960 to 1980 figures are from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)document, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1985, table MV-201 and related tables. Data quality and consistency willbe less reliable for these years because of a diversity of registration practices from state to state. Users shouldrecognize that motor vehicle statistical information is not necessarily comparable across all states or within a statefrom year to year. For instance, the FHWA reported that separate data on single-unit trucks and combinations wasunobtainable from all states in 1990.After 1980, the FHWA began to use the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) database, which improveddata reliability. FHWA reviews state-reported HPMS data for completeness, consistency, and adherence to thesespecifications. Some inaccuracy may arise from variations across states in their adherence to federal guidelines inthe Highway Performance Monitoring System Field Manual for the Continuing Analytical and Statistical Database.If choosing to compare state data, the FHWA recommends that users carefully select a set of peer states that havecharacteristics similar to the specific comparison. Improperly selected peer states are likely to yield invalid datacomparisons. Characteristics that a user needs to consider in determining compatibility of a peer state includesimilarities and differences in urban/rural areas, population densities, degrees of urbanization, climate, geography,state laws and practices that influence data definitions, administrative controls of public road systems, stateeconomies, traffic volumes, and degrees of centralization of state functions. The FHWA has developed a set ofvariables that users may use to determine appropriate peer states.Other 2-Axle 4-Tire Vehicle (truck)Sources for these figures included FHWA's Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995 (table VM-201A) and annual issuesof Highway Statistics (table VM-1). FHWA compiles these figures from the U.S. Bureau of the Census' TruckInventory and Use Survey (TIUS). Since 1963, Census has conducted the TIUS every five years with the last surveycompleted in 1997.The Census Bureau changed the name of the survey to the Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey(VIUS) in 1997. The VIUS collects data and the physical and operational characteristics of the nation's truckpopulation. In 1997, 131,000 trucks were surveyed from an estimated universe of over 75 million trucks.Chronological reliability may be diminished due to sampling design changes in 1977, 1982, and 1992. In 1977, thesampling universe was first stratified by the number of trucks in a state: large (> 1.5 million trucks), medium (700,000to 1.5 million), and small (< 700,000); and then by two truck sizes.Stratification in 1982 was then based on body type rather than vehicle weight. In 1992 and 1997, the samplinguniverse was first subdivided geographically and then into five strata: 1) pickups, 2) vans, 3) single-unit light, 4)single-unit heavy, and 5) truck tractor. Cases were then selected randomly within each stratum.Census delivered a mail-out/mail-back survey to the owner identified in the vehicle registration records. Datacollection is staggered as state records become available. Owners report data only for the vehicles selected. In the1992 survey, a method was employed to also collect data on new truck purchases in the latter half of the year toestimate the fleet for the calendar year. This adjustment in the sampling frame had not been done in previous surveysand may diminish chronological reliability. The sample for 1997 was some 22,500 vehicles smaller than for 1992. The1997 VIUS had two sampling stages. For the first stage, the Census Bureau surveyed about 131,000 trucksregistered as of July 1, 1997.The second stage sampled a total of 3,000 truck owners with state mailing addressesdifferent from the state of truck registration.The accuracy and reliability of the VIUS survey depends jointly on sampling variability and nonsampling errors.Standard errors arising from sampling variability can be converted for comparability by dividing the standard errorvalue by the estimate and multiplying it by 100. This quantity, referred to as the percent standard error, totaled twotenthsof a percent in 1992 and 1997 for the VIUS sample. A large standard error relative to an estimate indicateslack of precision and, inversely, a small standard error indicates precision. The 1992 TIUS achieved over 90.2percent reporting and the 1997 response rate equaled 84.5 percent, thus reliability may have decreased in the mostrecent survey.TransitThe American Public Transit Association (APTA) provided these data, which are based on the Federal TransitAdministration (FTA), National Transit Database. These data are generally accurate because the FTA reviews and
validates information submitted by individual transit agencies. Reliability may vary because some transit agenciescannot obtain accurate information or may misinterpret data. APTA conservatively adjusts FTA data to include transitoperators that do not report to the database (private, very small, and rural operators).Railroad (all categories)The data are from Railroad Facts, published annually by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). AAR data arebased on 100-percent reporting by Class I railroads to the Surface Transportation Board (STB) via Schedule 700 ofthe R1 Annual Report. Thus, data estimates are considered very reliable. The STB defines Class I railroads ashaving operating revenues at or above a threshold indexed to a base of $250 million (1991) and adjusted annually inconcert with changes in the Railroad Freight Rate Index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In 2000, theadjusted threshold for Class I railroads was $ 261.9 million. Declassification from Class I status occurs when arailroad falls below the applicable threshold for three consecutive years. Although Class I railroads encompasses only2 percent of the number of railroads in the country, they account for over 71 percent of the industry's mileageoperated.AAR determines the number of non-Class I railroads through an annual, comprehensive survey sent to every U.S.freight railroad. By following up with nonrespondents, the AAR obtains essentially a 100 percent census of allrailroads. Use of the current survey instrument began in 1986.AmtrakAmtrak maintains a computer database with a record of every locomotive and car it operates. For each vehicle, thoserecords include the year built, service status (operating or not operating on a daily basis), and location. This datashould be considered very reliable.Water TransportationThe source for Inland Nonself-Propelled Vessels, Self-Propelled Vessels, and flag passenger and cargo vessels isthe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Waterborne Transportation Lines of the United States, annual issues.Data are collected by the USACE's Navigation Data Center (NDC) by various means, including the U.S. CoastGuard's registry, maritime service directories, and waterway sector publications. However, an annual survey ofcompanies that operate inland waterway vessels is the principle source of data. More than 3,000 surveys are sent tothese companies, and response rates are typically above 90 percent. However, a USACE official did report that lessthan 10 percent of the total number of companies operating inland vessels either did not receive or respond to theannual survey.Oceangoing Steam Motor ShipsMerchant Fleets of the World, published annually by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration(MARAD), is the source of these data. MARAD, which classifies vessels as merchant based on size and type,compiles these figures from a data service provided by Lloyd's Maritime Information Service (LMIS).The parentcompany, Lloyd's Register (LR), collects data from 200 offices worldwide, from data transfers and agreements withother classification societies, from questionnaires to ship owners and ship builders, from feedback from governmentagencies, and from input from port agents. According to an LR official, consistent data-gathering methods have beenmaintained for more than 30 years. The same official did caution that there are sometimes inconsistencies ingroupings of ship types over time. For example, propelled tank barges are now included in the tanker ship-typegrouping.Recreational BoatsBoating Statistics, published annually by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), is the source. The USCG derives thesefigures from state and other jurisdictional reporting of the actual count of valid boat numbers issued. In accordancewith federal requirements, all 55 U.S. states and territories require motor-powered vessels to be numbered. However,over half the states do not require nonpowered vessels to be numbered. Accuracy can also be diminished bynoncompliance of boat owners with numbering and registration laws. In 1996, the USCG estimated thatapproximately eight million recreational boats are not numbered and, thus, are excluded from the reported number ofrecreational vessels. The USCG did not provide estimates for the number of boats without numbering in their reports
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
Page 353 and 354: Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
Page 355 and 356: Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
Page 357 and 358: Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
Page 359 and 360: Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
Page 361 and 362: Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
Page 363 and 364: Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
Page 365 and 366: Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
Page 367 and 368: appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
Page 370: appendix dModal Profiles
Page 373 and 374: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 375 and 376: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 377 and 378: Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 379 and 380: General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
Page 381 and 382: Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
Page 383 and 384: KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 448 and 449: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 494 and 495:
If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 502 and 503:
In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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