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The data are from Waterborne Commerce of the United States, published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(USACE). All vessel operators of record report their domestic waterborne traffic movements to USACE via ENGForms 3925 and 3925b.Cargo movements are reported according to points of loading and unloading. Certain cargomovements are excluded: 1) cargo carried on general ferries, 2) coal and petroleum products loaded from shorefacilities directly into vessels for fuel use, 3) military cargo moved in U.S. Department of Defense vessels, and 4)cargo weighing less than 100 tons moved on government equipment. USACE calculates ton-miles by multiplying thecargo's tonnage by the distance between the points of loading and unloading.Oil PipelineThe data for 1960, 1965, and 1970 are from Transportation in America, published by the Eno TransportationFoundation, Inc., and the data for 1975 to 1998 are from Shifts in Petroleum Transportation, by the Association of OilPipe Lines (AOPL). Eno's data are based on information from the former Interstate Commerce Commission'sTransport Economics. Common carrier oil pipelines reported all freight activities to the ICC.AOPL obtains barrel-miles from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), which requires petroleumshippers to report annual shipments. AOPL then coverts barrel-miles to ton-miles using conversion figures in theAmerican Petroleum Institute's (API's) Basic Petroleum Data Book. Since 16 percent of pipeline shipments areintrastate and not subject to FERC reporting requirements, AOPL makes adjustments to FERC data.TABLE 1-51. Top U.S. Foreign Trade Freight Gateways by Value of Shipments: 2001The value of U.S. air, maritime, and land imports and exports are captured from administrative documents requiredby the U.S. Departments of Commerce and Treasury. In 1990, the United States entered into a Memorandum ofUnderstanding with Canada concerning the exchange of import data. As a consequence, each country is using theother's import data to replace its own export data. U.S. international merchandise trade statistics, therefore, are nolonger derived exclusively from the administrative records of the Departments of Commerce and Treasury, but fromRevenue Canada. Import value is for U.S. general imports, customs value basis. Export value is FAS (free alongship) and represents the value of exports at the U.S. port of export, including the transaction price and inland freight,insurance, and other charges. Trade levels reflect the mode of transportation as a shipment entered or exited a U.S.Customs port.Truck, rail pipeline, mail, and miscellaneous modes are included in the total for land modes. Data present tradeactivity between the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands and Canada and Mexico. These statisticsdo not include traffic between Guam, Wake Island, and America Samoa and Canada and Mexico. These statisticsalso exclude imports that are valued at less than $1,250 and for exports that are valued at less than $2,500.TABLE 1-56. U.S. Waterborne FreightThe data are from Waterborne Commerce of the United States, published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(USACE). All vessel operators of record report their domestic waterborne traffic movements to USACE via ENGForms 3925 and 3925b. Cargo movements are reported according to points of loading and unloading. Certain cargomovements are excluded: 1) cargo carried on general ferries, 2) coal and petroleum products loaded from shorefacilities directly into vessels for fuel use, 3) military cargo moved in U.S. Department of Defense vessels, and 4)cargo weighing less than 100 tons moved on government equipment. USACE calculates ton-miles by multiplying thecargo's tonnage by the distance between points of loading and unloading.Foreign waterborne statistics are derived from Census Bureau and U.S. Customs data, which excludes trafficbetween Guam, Wake Island, and American Samoa and any other foreign country, and imports and exports used byU.S. Armed Forces abroad. Individual vessel movements with origins and destinations at U.S. ports, traveling via thePanama Canal are considered domestic traffic.TABLE 1-57. Tonnage of Top 50 U.S. Water Ports, Ranked by Total TonsData on the weight of U.S. maritime imports and exports are captured from administrative documents required by theU.S. Departments of Commerce and Treasury. In 1990, the United States entered into a Memorandum ofUnderstanding with Canada concerning the exchange of import data. As a consequence, each country is using theother's import data to replace its own export data. The United States' merchandise trade statistics, therefore, are no
longer derived exclusively from U.S. government administrative records, but from Revenue Canada. Maritime weightdata are initially processed and edited by the Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau (Census) as part of theoverall edits and quality checks performed on all U.S. international merchandise trade data. After Census processing,the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Maritime Administration (MARAD) perform additional maritimespecificprocessing and quality edits on maritime-related data elements, including the weight of maritime imports andexports. The USACE and MARAD began performing this function in October 1998 after the Foreign WaterborneTrade data program was transferred from the Census Bureau. Prior to October 1998, the USACE historicallyperformed additional specialized edits at the port level, including reassignment of some tonnage data to the actualwaterborne port rather than the reported U.S. Customs port.TABLE 1-58. Freight Activity in the United States: 1993, 1997, 2002, and 2007TABLE 1-59. Value, Tons, and Ton- Miles of Freight Shipments within the United States by DomesticEstablishment, 2007TABLE 1-62. U.S. Hazardous Materials Shipments by Transportation Mode, 2007TABLE 1-63. U.S. Hazardous Materials Shipments by Hazard Class, 2007These data are collected via the 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) undertaken through a partnership between theU.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau (Census), and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau ofTransportation Statistics. For the 1997 CFS, Census conducted a sample of 100,000 domestic establishmentsrandomly selected from a universe of about 800,000 multiestablishment companies in the mining, manufacturing,wholesale trade, and selected retail industries. It excluded establishments classified as farms, forestry, fisheries,governments, construction, transportation, foreign, services, and most retail.Reliability of the EstimatesAn estimate based on a sample survey potentially contains two types of errors-sampling and nonsampling. Samplingerrors occur because the estimate is based on a sample, not on the entire universe. Nonsampling errors can beattributed to many sources in the collection and processing of the data and occur in all data, not just those from asample survey. The accuracy of a survey result is affected jointly by sampling and nonsampling errors.Sampling VariabilityBecause the estimates are derived from a sample of the survey population, results are not expected to agree withthose that might be obtained from a 100-percent census using the same enumeration procedure. However, becauseeach establishment in the Standard Statistical Establishment List had a known probability of being selected forsampling, estimating the sampling variability of the estimates is possible. The standard error of the estimate is ameasure of the variability among the values of the estimate computed from all possible samples of the same size anddesign. Thus, it is a measure of the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates theresults of a complete enumeration. The coefficient of variation is the standard error of the estimate divided by thevalue being estimated. It is expressed as a percent. Note that measures of sampling variability, such as the standarderror or coefficient of variation, are estimated from the sample and are also subject to sampling variability. Standarderrors and coefficients of variation for CFS data presented in this report are given in Appendix B of the 1997Economic Census report, and are available online www.census.gov/econ/wwwse0700.html.Nonsampling ErrorsIn the CFS, as in other surveys, nonsampling errors can be attributed to many sources, including 1) nonresponse; 2)response errors; 3) differences in the interpretation of questions; 4) mistakes in coding or recoding the data; and 5)other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation.A potentially large source of nonsampling error is due to nonresponse, which is defined as the inability to obtain allintended measurements or responses from selected establishments. Nonresponse is corrected by imputation.TABLE 1-60. Value of U.S. Land Exports to and Imports from Canada and Mexico by Mode
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
Page 363 and 364: Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
Page 365 and 366: Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
Page 367 and 368: appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
Page 370: appendix dModal Profiles
Page 373 and 374: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 375 and 376: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 377 and 378: Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 379 and 380: General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
Page 381 and 382: Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
Page 383 and 384: KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 448 and 449: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 454 and 455: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 456 and 457: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 458 and 459: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 460 and 461: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 462 and 463: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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