Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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consistency between the different modes regarding the types of expenditures included, these additional data from theHighway Statistics report have not been used.Data AdjustmentsRevisions and corrections to previously published data have been made in most cases. The base year for chaineddollar estimates for current data sets is 1996, while the earlier version was presented in chained 1992 dollars.Moreover, the following adjustments have been incorporated.RevenuesTransportation-related revenues of the Aquatic Resources Fund have been added to water transportation revenues.In this case, only the excise tax charged on motor boat fuels for the Boat Safety Program is assumed to betransportation-related.The preceding data series did not account for revenues of Pollution Fund, Off-Shore Oil Pollution Fund, and DeepWater Port Liability Fund prior to FY 1990. The current data sets includes revenues for these funds prior to FY 1990.ExpendituresNot all expenditures for the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), as reported by the Office of Management and Budget, areconsidered transportation-related. A new approach has been used to arrive at more accurate USCG transportationrelatedexpenditures. Similar to the previous approach, the current approach includes all expenditures forEnvironmental Compliance and Restoration, Alteration of Bridges, and Oil Spill Recovery. Part of the expenditures forOperations, Acquisition, Construction and Improvement, Research & Development, and Test and Evaluation areconsidered as transportation. Within these program areas, only Aids to Navigation, Marine Safety, and MarineEnvironmental Protection activities are included in the earlier data sets. In the current version, more activities likeSearch and Rescue and Ice Operations have been included. In addition, Boat Safety Program expenditures havealso been included.Trust fund share of pipeline safety was added to the Research and Special Programs Administration expendituressince FY 1994. This item was not covered in the previously published data.Federal GrantsFederal grants to state and local governments for the Boat Safety Program have been included. These were notincluded in the previously reported data.Data for federal transit grants are obtained from the Office of Management and Budget public budget database. In theprevious data series, they were estimated by deducting direct federal transit expenditures grants from the total federaltransit expenditures.REFERENCESCorrado, C., C. Gilbert, et al. (1997). "Industrial production and capacity utilization: historical revision and recentdevelopments." Federal Reserve Bulletin 83(2): 67.Korn, E.L. and B.I. Graubard.1991."A Note on the Large Sample Properties of Linearization, Jackknife and BalancedRepeated Replication Methods for Stratified Samples." The Annals of Statistics 19 (4):2275-2279.Krewski, D. and J.N. K. Rao.1981."Inference from Stratified Samples: Properties of Linearization, Jackknife andBalanced Repeated Replication Methods." The Annals of Statistics 9(5):1010-1019.Kunze, K. and M. Jablonski (1998). Productivity in service-producing industries. Brookings Workshop on NewService-Sector Data, Washington, DC.
Landerfeld, J. S. and R. P. Parker (1997). "BEA's chain indexes, time series, and measures of long-term economicgrowth." Survey of Current Business 77(5): 58.Moulton, B.R. and Seskin, E.P. (1999)."A preview of the 1999 comprehensive revision of the National Income andProduct Accounts:statistical changes."Survey of Current Business 79 (October 1999): 6-17.Parker, R. P. and J. E. Triplett (1996). "Chain-type measures of real output and prices in the U.S. national incomeand product accounts: an update." Business Economics 31(4): 37.Ritter, J.A. (2000)."Feeding the national accounts." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review. March/April:11-20SCB (1991). "Gross Domestic Product as a measure of U.S. Production." Survey of Current Business.Seskin, E. P. and R. P. Parker (1998). "A guide to the NIPA's." Survey of Current Business 78(3):26.U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.1997.Measurement Issues in the Consumer PriceIndex.Referenced at http://stats.bls.gov/cpigm697.htm on May 13, 1999.Valliant, R.1993. "Poststratification and Conditional Vairance Estimation."Journal of the American StatisticalAssociation 88 (421):89-96.Young, A. H. (1993). "Reliability and accuracy of the quarterly estimates of GDP." Survey of Current Business 73(10):29.Young, A. H. and H. S. Tice (1985). "An introduction to national economic accounting." Survey of Current Business65: 59.Yuskavage, R. E. (1996). "Improved estimates of gross product by industry, 1959-94." Survey of Current Business76(8): 133.1The federal budget is broken down into 20 functional categories, of which one is transportation (function 400). Function 400is not tied to any one department or agency, but instead aggregates transportation functions wherever in the federalgovernment they occur. Thus, the transportation function may include many activities, such as highway construction andsafety, airways and airports, maritime subsidies, U.S. Coast Guard operations, railroads, and mass transit. It also coversgrants-in-aid programs to support state and local activities. A good summary of the federal budget process can be found inStanley E. Collender, The Guide to the Federal Budget, Fiscal Year 1996 (Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. 1995).2Public Law 101-508, 104 Stat. 1388 (November 5, 1990).3Funds in the Conrail Labor Protection Program were provided for benefits to Conrail employees deprived of employmentbecause of work force reductions and other actions. This program no longer exists since Conrail has been returned to theprivate sector. In 1988, the unobligated balances available from this program were transferred to the USCG, and in 1990they were returned to the U.S. Treasury.
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
Page 33 and 34:
Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
Page 39 and 40:
Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
Page 45 and 46:
Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
Page 47 and 48:
Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
Page 56 and 57:
Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
Page 58 and 59:
Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
Page 60 and 61:
Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
Page 62 and 63:
Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
Page 64 and 65:
Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
Page 66 and 67:
Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
Page 68 and 69:
Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
Page 70 and 71:
Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
Page 74 and 75:
Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
Page 76 and 77:
Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
Page 82 and 83:
Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
Page 88 and 89:
Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
Page 90 and 91:
Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
Page 92 and 93:
Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
Page 94 and 95:
Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
Page 96 and 97:
Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
Page 102 and 103:
Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
Page 104 and 105:
Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
Page 110 and 111:
Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
Page 122 and 123:
Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
Page 148 and 149:
Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
Page 250 and 251:
Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
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SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
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Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 454 and 455: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 456 and 457: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 458 and 459: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 460 and 461: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 462 and 463: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 464 and 465: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 466 and 467: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 468 and 469: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 470 and 471: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 472 and 473: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 474 and 475: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 476 and 477: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 480 and 481: If transportation had been reviewed
Page 482 and 483: Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 484 and 485: RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
Page 486 and 487: multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 488 and 489: In general, lead emissions are esti
Page 490 and 491: The number of the people exposed to
Page 494 and 495: If transportation had been reviewed
Page 496 and 497:
Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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