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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recreational VehiclesWard's Motor Vehicle Facts and Figures is the source of these data. Ward's obtains sales data directly frommanufacturers. Readers should note that automobile manufacturers have inflated sales figures in the past, but Ward'sdoes contact companies to verify numbers that appear too high or low.MotorcycleThe Motorcycle Industry Council, Inc. (MIC) publishes the Motorcycle Statistical Annual, which is the source for thesedata. MIC derived the estimate for new retail motorcycle sales for each state from the MIC Retail Sales Report, andadjusted for total retail sales. Motorcycle company reports provided sales data. Prior to 1985, all-terrain vehicles(ATVs) were included in the motorcycle total. In 1995, the Motorcycle Industry Council revised its data for the years1985 to present to exclude all terrain vehicles from its totals.BicycleThe National Bicycle Dealers Association (NBDA) reported these data, which are based on Bicycle ManufacturersAssociation (BMA) information through 1996. BMA stopped reporting members' shipments in 1996. Moreover, BMArepresents the largest bicycle manufacturers (Huffy, Roadmaster, and Murray), and thus the data do not reflectspecialty bike makers or other manufacturers. The Bike Council estimated 1997 through 2001 figures in the table.According to a Bicycle Council representative, the estimates are a combination of domestic forecasts produced by apanel of industry experts and import data from monthly U.S. census databases.TransitThe American Public Transit Association provided these figures, which are based on information in the U.S.Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration (FTA), National Transit Database. These data aregenerally considered accurate because the FTA reviews and validates information submitted by individual transitagencies. Reliability may vary because some transit agencies cannot obtain accurate information or misinterpretdata. APTA conservatively adjusts FTA data to include transit operators that do not report to the database (private,very small, and rural operators).Class I RailThe data are from Railroad Facts, published annually by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). AAR data arebased on 100-percent reporting by Class I railroads to the Surface Transportation Board (STB) via Schedule 700 ofthe R1 Annual Report. STB defines Class I railroads as having operating revenues at or above a threshold indexed toa base of $250 million (1991) and adjusted annually in concert with changes in the Railroad Freight Rate Indexpublished by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In 2000, the threshold for Class I railroads was $261.9 million. AlthoughClass I railroads encompasses only 2 percent of the number of railroads in the country, they account for over 71percent of the industry's mileage operated. Historical reliability may vary due to changes in the railroad industry,including bankruptcies, mergers, and declassification by the STB. Small data errors may also have occurred becauseof independent rounding in this series by the AAR.AmtrakAmtrak maintains a computer database with a record of every locomotive and car it operates. For each vehicle, thoserecords include the year built, its service status (operating or not on a daily basis), and location. These data should beconsidered very reliable.Water TransportationU.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration (MARAD), which classifies vessels as merchant basedon size and type, reports these data in annual issues of its Merchant Fleets of the World. MARAD compiles thesefigures from a data service provided by Lloyd's Maritime Information Service. The parent company, Lloyd's Register(LR), collects data from several sources: its 200 offices worldwide, data transfers and agreements with otherclassification societies, questionnaires to ship owners and shipbuilders, feedback from government agencies, andinput from port agents. According to an LR official, consistent data gathering methods have been maintained for more
than 30 years but cautioned that inconsistencies may occur in groupings of ship types over time. For example, tankbarges are now included in the tanker ship-type grouping rather than the barge grouping.TABLE 1-13. Active Air Carrier and General Aviation Fleet by Type of AircraftAir Carrier, Certificated, All ServicesPrior to 1995, data originated from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation. Later data are from the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), AerospaceFacts and Figures. However, Aerospace Facts and Figures is compiled from the FAA Statistical Handbook ofAviation. U.S. air carrier fleet data are based on reports collected by FAA field offices from carriers. The reportsinclude information on the number of aircraft by type used in air carrier service. The FAA points out that thisinformation is not an inventory of the aircraft owned by air carriers, but represents the aircraft reported to the FAA asbeing used in air carrier fleet service. The reported aircraft are all aircraft carrying passengers or cargo forcompensation or hire under 14 CFR 121 and 14 CFR 135.General AviationThe 1960-1980 figures originated from the FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation. Later data are from FAA annualissues of the General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity (GAATA) Survey report, table 3.1.The FAA collects both aircraftregistration data and voluntary information about aircraft operation, equipment, and location. Before 1978, the FAAmandated owners to annually register their aircraft for the Aircraft Registration Master File. This was a completeenumeration of operating aircraft. Registrants were also asked to voluntarily report information on hours flow, avionicsequipment, base location, and use. The FAA changed their data collection methodology in 1978. The annualregistration requirement became triennial and the General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey was initiated tosample aircraft operation and equipment data.The General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey was renamed the General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey in1993 to reflect the fact that the survey includes air taxi aircraft. This survey is conducted annually and encompassesa stratified, systematic design from a random start to generate a sample of all general aviation aircraft in the UnitedStates. It is based on the FAA registry as the sampling frame. FAA established three stratification design variables inthe survey: 1) the average annual hours flown per aircraft by aircraft type, 2) the aircraft manufacturer/modelcharacteristics, and 3) the state of aircraft registration.Data ReliabilityBecause of the change in 1978, the reliability of comparisons over time will be affected. The FAA asserted that thechange to a triennial registration deteriorated the Aircraft Registration Master File in two ways. First, the resulting lagin registration updates caused the number of undeliverable questionnaires to steadily increase over the three-yearperiod. Second, inactive aircraft would remain in the registry, inflating the general aviation fleet count. In addition, anew regulation added two categories of aircraft to the general aviation fleet. However, FAA concluded that thesechanges resulted in no more than a five-percent error in the fleet population estimate.The reliability of the GAATA survey can be impacted by two factors: sampling and nonsampling error. A measure,called the standard error, is used to indicate the magnitude of sampling error. Standard errors can be converted forcomparability by dividing the standard error value by the estimate (derived from sample survey results) andmultiplying it by 100.This quantity, referred to as the percent standard error, totaled seven-tenths of a percent in 1997for the general aviation fleet. A large standard error relative to an estimate indicates lack of precision and, inversely, asmall standard error indicates precision.Nonsampling errors could include problems such as nonresponse, respondent's inability or unwillingness to providecorrect information, differences in interpretation of questions, and data-entry mistakes. Readers should note that nonresponsebias might be a component of reliability errors in the data from 1980 to 1990.The FAA conducted telephonesurveys of nonrespondents in 1977, 1978, and 1979 and found no significant differences or inconsistencies inrespondents' and nonrespondents' replies. The FAA discontinued the telephone survey of nonrespondents in 1980 tosave costs. Nonresponse surveys were resumed in 1990, and the FAA found notable differences and thus adjustedits fleet estimates. The 1991 through 1996 data have been revised to reflect nonresponse bias. In 1997, a sample of29,954 aircraft was identified and surveyed from an approximate population of 251,571 registered general aviationaircraft. Just over 65 percent of the sample responded to the survey.
Page 1:
NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
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SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
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Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
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appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 454 and 455: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 456 and 457: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 458 and 459: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 462 and 463: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 464 and 465: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 466 and 467: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 468 and 469: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 470 and 471: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 472 and 473: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 474 and 475: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 476 and 477: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 480 and 481: If transportation had been reviewed
Page 482 and 483: Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 484 and 485: RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
Page 486 and 487: multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 488 and 489: In general, lead emissions are esti
Page 490 and 491: The number of the people exposed to
Page 494 and 495: If transportation had been reviewed
Page 496 and 497: Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 498 and 499: RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
Page 500 and 501: multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 502 and 503: In general, lead emissions are esti
Page 504 and 505: The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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