Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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The American Public Transit Association (APTA) reports these figures, which are based on the annual NationalTransit Database (NTD) report published by the USDOT, Federal Transit Administration (FTA). The legislativerequirement for the NTD is found in Title 49 U.S.C. 5335(a). Transit agencies receiving funds through the UrbanizedArea Formula Program are generally required to report financial and operating data, including capital expenditures,revenues and expenses. These data are generally considered accurate because the FTA reviews and validatesinformation submitted by individual transit agencies. Reliability may vary because some transit agencies cannotobtain accurate information or misinterpret certain data definitions. APTA conservatively adjusts FTA data to includetransit operators that do not report to the database (private and very small operators and rural operators).RailData are from Railroad Facts published annually by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). AAR figures arebased on 100-percent reporting by all nine Class I railroads to the Surface Transportation Board (STB) via Schedule700 of the R1 Annual Report. STB defines Class I railroads as having operating revenues at or above a thresholdindexed to a base of $250 million in 1991 and adjusted annually in concert with changes in the "Railroad Freight RateIndex" published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In 2000, the adjusted threshold for Class I railroads was $ 261.9million. Declassification from Class I status occurs when a railroad falls below the applicable threshold for threeconsecutive years. Although Class I railroads comprise only 1 percent of the number of railroads in the country, theyaccount for over 71 percent of the industry's mileage operated, 91 percent of total freight rail revenue, and 88 percentof railroad employment.Intercity/AmtrakAverage passenger fare data are based on 100 percent of issued tickets, and thus should be accurate. Created as apublicly-owned for-profit corporation, Amtrak collects its own financial data and reports this information in its annualreport. Auditing should ensure the accuracy of the operating revenue figures.Trucking and Courier Services (except air)The Census Bureau's Transportation Annual Survey (formerly known as the Motor Freight Transportation andWarehousing Survey) is the source of this information. The sample survey represents all employer firms with one ormore establishments engaged primarily in providing commercial motor freight transportation or public warehousingservices. It excludes motor carriers that operate as auxiliary establishments to nontransportation companies, as wellas independent owner-operators with no paid employees. Thus, the data do not represent the total trucking industry.In 1999, Transportation Annual Survey was merged with the Census Bureau's Service Annual Survey (SAS) and isthe source of data for years 1998 and later. SAS provides estimates of operating revenue of taxable firms andrevenue and expenses of firms exempt from federal income taxes for selected service industries. Unlike theTransportation Annual Survey, the SAS is based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).As with all sample surveys, two types of errors are possible: sampling and nonsampling. Nonsampling errors mayinclude response errors and mistakes in coding or keying data. For additional information about the survey and datareliability, the reader is referred to the Census Bureau website at www.census.gov.Water (Domestic)Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc. is the source of these data. Eno estimates these figures by multiplying ton-milefigures by estimated revenue per ton-mile. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers reports the ton-mile figures in itspublication Waterborne Commerce of the United States, and the revenue per ton-miles figures are estimated by Eno.Oil PipelineEno Transportation Foundation, Inc., publishes these data, which are based on Federal Energy RegulatoryCommission (FERC) data and reported by the Oil Pipeline Research Institute for years 1977 to the present. FERCdata originates from required quarterly reports filed by pipeline companies. Prior to 1977, the data are based on theformer Interstate Commerce Commission data for regulated pipelines, and estimated to be 16 percent of the total ofnonregulated pipelines.
Gas PipelineThese statistics originate from Gas Facts, published annually by the American Gas Association (AGA).AGA data arebased on gas utilities participation and reporting to the Uniform Statistical Report and estimates for those companiesnot reporting based on recent historical experience. Varying percentages of nonreporters from year to year introduceminor reliability problems for time-series comparisons.TABLE 3-23. Employment in For-Hire Transportation and Selected Transportation-Related Industries (NAICS)Employment data by industry are from the National Employment, Hours, and Earnings estimates published by theBureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. Department of Labor. These estimates originate from the Current EmploymentStatistics (CES) survey program. The CES is a monthly survey conducted by state employment security agencies incooperation with the BLS. The survey provides employment, hours, and earnings estimates based on payroll recordsof nonfarm business establishments, including government.BLS uses a stratified sample based on a sector's employment size, or the degree of variability among itsestablishments, or both. This ensures that BLS captures a more representative survey from employers with largepayrolls. Thus, large establishments are certain of selection while smaller ones have less of chance.Data CollectionData are collected electronically from about two-thirds of the respondents and by mail or fax from the remainder. Theprimary type of electronic reporting is touch-tone phone self-response; others are computer-assisted phoneinterviews and phone voice recognition technology. Increasingly, data are collected through electronic datainterchange from a small but growing number of companies that have a large number of establishments across thecountry. Mail respondents submit Form 790 to the BLS each month. It is then edited and returned to the respondentfor use again the following month. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as wellas a sample of smaller firms.EstimationEmployment estimates are made at what is termed the basic estimating cell level and aggregated upward to broaderlevels of industry detail by simple addition. Basic cells are defined by industry (usually at the 3- or 4-digit SIC level)and are stratified within industry by geographic region and/or size class in the majority of cases. Within the wholesaletrade, retail trade, and services divisions, most industries are stratified into three to five size classes (beginning in1984).Most national employment estimates are multiplied by bias adjustment factors to produce the monthly publishedestimates. Bias adjustment factors are used primarily to compensate for the inability to capture the entry of new firmson a timely basis. New firms contribute a substantial amount to employment growth each year, but there is a lagbetween the creation of a firm and its inclusion on the sample frame (i.e., the Unemployment Insurance universe file).It is, therefore, necessary to use modeling techniques to capture this segment of the population. BLS also performsseasonal adjustments for certain SIC industries.AccuracyBLS does not publish data reliability information along with estimates. Instead, it provides estimation formula and thenecessary parameters so that users can estimate standard errors. For additional information, see the "ExplanatoryNotes and Estimates of Error" in the BLS monthly publication Employment and Earnings.The CES survey, which began over 50 years ago, predates the introduction of probability sampling as theinternationally recognized standard for sample surveys. Instead, a quota sample has been used since its inception.Quota samples are at risk for potentially significant biases, and recently completed BLS research suggests that,despite the large CES sample size, employment estimates based on that sample at times diverge substantially fromthose that a more representative sample would have been expected to produce. This leads to an over-reliance onbias adjustment in the estimation procedure. Because bias adjustment is primarily based on past experience, it islimited in its ability to accurately reflect changing economic conditions on a timely basis.
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 450 and 451: when data are entered, they are che
Page 452 and 453: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 454 and 455: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 456 and 457: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 458 and 459: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 460 and 461: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 462 and 463: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 464 and 465: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 466 and 467: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 468 and 469: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 470 and 471: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 472 and 473: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 474 and 475: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 476 and 477: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 480 and 481: If transportation had been reviewed
Page 482 and 483: Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 484 and 485: RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
Page 492 and 493:
Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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