II. İLERİ TEKNOLOJİLER ÇALIŞTAYI (İTÇ 2011) - Bilgesam

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is an electrochemical device, used to transform solar radiation to electricity or
electricity storage. Three well known wind turbine module types Savanius VAWT,
Modern HAWT and Giromill/Darrieus VAWT.
The usage of solar& wind driven reverse osmosis systems are a trendy research
topic all around the world. In this system, energy obtained by using a hybrid Solar
& Wind power generating system was combined with reverse osmosis water
purification system in order to obtain well quality water from unfiltered sea water.
In addition to this, another important approach for this study is to make a
comprehensive cost analysis study of the existing technologies and compare them
with our RO systems in order to understand cost carrying parameters and reduce
high costs for common usage in our country.
2. Literature
Worldwide populations suffer from water scarcity in many arid and desert like
areas. The only source of water available is salty water with conductivity of 1500-
5000 µS/cm.(1) Apart from salinity, other important contaminants like, for instance,
pathogenic microorganisms, can further affect water quality.(2) It is undoubted that
growing water scarcity is one of the world’s most severe problems. It is expected
that in 2025 almost 3.5 billion people, 48% of the world’s population, will have an
insufficient water supply. At the same time, about one third of the world’s
population; 2 billion people are not connected to an electrical grid. (3)
Desalination by means of renewable energy sources is a suitable solution for
providing fresh water to a number of regions so far apart as the Mediterranean,
India, Latin America, Africa and world-wide remote areas.(4) This solution
becomes more competitive, especially for remote and rural areas where small
quantities of water for human consumption are needed.
Among the desalination technologies available, reverse osmosis (RO) is currently
considered as the most attractive process to produce fresh water for both brackish
and seawater. With predicted specific consumption from 30 to 50 kJ/kg (with
pressure recovery), this well established technology is becoming increasingly popular
as a competitive and viable option in several large-scale desalination plants.
(5-6) Several RO plants with production on the order of thousands of cubic meters
per day are being extensively used throughout the world for water desalination.
These systems, using electricity for running the high-pressure pumps, are among
the ones with the low cost per cubic meter of produced water. (7) Nevertheless, in
some cases, e.g., small rural sites or during catastrophes where drinkable water is
not available, small RO systems running on PV & Wind combine systems could
also be used to produce drinkable water for life support. Running just on PV