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Reduction and Elimination in Philosophy and the Sciences

Reduction and Elimination in Philosophy and the Sciences

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view of logic, <strong>in</strong> accordance with his dist<strong>in</strong>ction between<br />

logic as a universal language <strong>and</strong> logic as a calculus; <strong>the</strong><br />

same does for o<strong>the</strong>r modal logics than epistemic logic,<br />

given that any judgment about a proposition was made<br />

impossible by Wittgenste<strong>in</strong>. Such a Tractarian impossibility<br />

came from <strong>in</strong>effability as a unknowable relation between<br />

language <strong>and</strong> reality. It also follows from this a crucial<br />

nexus between symbolism <strong>and</strong> formalism: language symbolizes<br />

<strong>the</strong> world, noth<strong>in</strong>g else, <strong>and</strong> any formalized language<br />

should yield a genu<strong>in</strong>e picture of reality.<br />

The po<strong>in</strong>t with epistemic logic is that it becomes<br />

acceptable only when <strong>the</strong> preced<strong>in</strong>g preconditions have<br />

been qualified. Such a qualification is allowed only with<strong>in</strong> a<br />

model-<strong>the</strong>oretical framework that Wittgenste<strong>in</strong> refused for<br />

philosophical reasons, so that Suszko's <strong>in</strong>itial objection<br />

po<strong>in</strong>ted to <strong>the</strong> right direction while assum<strong>in</strong>g uncharitably<br />

someth<strong>in</strong>g justifiably refused by <strong>the</strong> Tractatus.<br />

In a nutshell: only God can rule <strong>in</strong> logic, for<br />

Wittgenste<strong>in</strong>; but Suszko was an a<strong>the</strong>ist <strong>and</strong> God is<br />

(officially) dead with Tarski, so to say.<br />

Wittgenste<strong>in</strong>’s Attitudes — Fabien Schang<br />

Literature<br />

Favrholdt, David 1964 "Tractatus 5.542", M<strong>in</strong>d 73, 557-562<br />

H<strong>in</strong>tikka, Jaakko 1958 "On Wittgenste<strong>in</strong>'s 'Solipsism'", M<strong>in</strong>d 67, 88-<br />

91<br />

Russell, Bertr<strong>and</strong> 1923 "What is meant by ‘A believes p’?", reedited<br />

<strong>in</strong> The Collected Papers of Bertr<strong>and</strong> Russell, Vol. 9: “Language,<br />

M<strong>in</strong>d <strong>and</strong> Matter: 1919-26”, 159<br />

Suszko, Roman 1968: "Ontology <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tractatus of L. Wittgenste<strong>in</strong>",<br />

Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 9, 7-33<br />

von Wright, Georg Henrik 1986: “La logique modale et le Tractatus”,<br />

<strong>in</strong> Wittgenste<strong>in</strong>, trad. E. Rigal, TER, 195-213<br />

Wittgenste<strong>in</strong>, Ludwig 1922: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, C.K.<br />

Ogden (trans.), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul<br />

291

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