International Trade in Services.pdf - DSpace at Khazar University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

114 International Trade in Services Box 4.3: Case Study: Travel and Health Industries Commingling, Thai Airways A number of travel and leisure companies have invested in the health sector or offer their clients packages that include some health care. For example, Thai Airways offers health packages through its Royal Orchid Holidays Program. These include the following: Package in Bangkok • Superior physical checkup at Bangkok Hospital (3 hours) • Medical checkup: health care program at Bangkok Hospital (3–4 hours) • Premier health examination at Bumrungrad International (3–4 hours) • Physical checkup at Ramkhamhaeng Hospital (3–4 hours) • Dental examination and cleaning at Bumrungrad International (30 minutes) Package in Chiang Mai • Physical checkup at Chiang Mai Ram Hospital (3–4 hours) • Checkup at Rajavej Chiang Mai Hospital (3–4 hours) Package in Phuket • Medical checkup at Bangkok Phuket Hospital (3–4 hours) Source: http://www.thaiair.com/holiday-packages/royal-orchid-holidays/en/discover-thailand.htm. Figure 4.3. Health: A Sector with Strong Potential for Outsourcing 5 60 jobs, millions 4 3 2 1 50 40 30 20 10 high-income-country jobs, % 0 packaged software IT services banking insurance pharmaceuticals autos health care retail 0 share of jobs in high-income countries that could be outsourced (right axis) aggregate number of jobs that could be outsourced (left axis) Source: MGI (2005). Note: IT services = information technology services.
Health without Borders 115 Box 4.4: Case Study: Exports of Offshore Medical Transcription Services, the Philippines The Philippines has benefited from the first wave of offshoring of medical transcription services (that is, the process of interpreting and electronically encoding the oral dictation of health professionals regarding patient assessment, therapeutic procedures, diagnosis, and so on). Outsource Transcription Philippines Inc., the first large medical transcription company, was started in the late 1990s and has benefited from a rapid expansion of medical transcription needs in the United States because of changes in the accountancy requirements for health insurance (the 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). The demand for outsourced medical transcription services in the United States is growing at 20 percent per year and is coupled with an annual 10 percent decline in the number of transcriptionists in the United States. The United States therefore remains the main driver of the trade in this field. The comparative advantage of the Philippines is mainly explained by its pool of English-speaking workers. (The Philippines is the third largest English-speaking nation in the world and has a 94 percent literacy rate.) Transcriptionists are usually graduates of medical schools who are working part time while preparing for medical board exams. The country also has a strategic location; there is a 12-hour time difference with the United States. In addition, the government provides strong incentives for foreign investment in the sector and has supported the industry by implementing key regulations (for example, on e-commerce and data protection) and developing information technology infrastructure. As a result, the market for outsourced medical transcription services grew at a 130 percent rate between 2001 and 2004, by far the most rapidly growing outsourcing sector in the country. The majority of the 25 companies exporting these services in 2004 were owned by U.S. investors and should benefit from an acceleration of the outsourcing phenomenon. In 2004, US$13 billion was spent on medical transcription in the United States and only US$2.3 billion on outsourcing. In absolute value, Philippine exports still represent less than 1 percent of the market, and the growth potential remains substantial. Recent projections suggest that the Philippines will continue to be among the largest markets for medical transcription outsourcing over the next five to seven years and could contribute to filling the 47 percent supply gap in the U.S. transcription market. Sources: Blouin, Drager, and Smith (2007), Arunanondchai and Fink (2007). transcription services have grown at a rate of over 100 percent annually in recent years (box 4.4). Mode 2 Estimates of the number of patients traveling to seek care abroad vary significantly from one source to another. According to an official of the World Health Organization, the number could reach 4 million patients a year, with over 1 million in Thailand alone (India, Malaysia, and Singapore are expected to reach this level by 2012) and an estimated global market of US$20 billion to US$40 billion (reaching over US$100 billion by 2012) (Drager and Smith 2009). But is it all trade In figure 4.4, Ehrbeck, Guevara, and Mango (2008) adopt a narrow definition of medical travel that excludes expatriates seeking care in their
Page 1:
Public Disclosure Authorized Public
Page 5 and 6:
International Trade in Services New
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS About the Editors and Cont
Page 9 and 10:
Contents vii Boxes 2.1 Extent of Te
Page 11 and 12:
Contents ix 1.4 Worker Remittances
Page 13:
Contents xi 6.6 A Checklist of Ques
Page 16 and 17:
xiv About the Editors and Contribut
Page 18 and 19:
xvi Foreword Beyond describing the
Page 20 and 21:
xviii Acknowledgments Finally, this
Page 23 and 24:
1 Assessing the Potential of Servic
Page 25 and 26:
Assessing the Potential of Services
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
2 Increasing Labor Mobility: Option
Page 53 and 54:
Increasing Labor Mobility 31 unders
Page 55 and 56:
Table 2.2. Quantitative Estimates o
Page 57 and 58:
Borjas, George “Heaven’s Doors:
Page 59 and 60:
Increasing Labor Mobility 37 contri
Page 61 and 62:
Increasing Labor Mobility 39 must h
Page 63 and 64:
Worker categories covered Specifica
Page 65 and 66:
Provisions on professionals Annex o
Page 67 and 68:
Increasing Labor Mobility 45 The EU
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Table 2.7. Agreements between Austr
Page 75 and 76:
Specified quotas n.a. Entry subject
Page 77 and 78:
Increasing Labor Mobility 55 Figure
Page 79 and 80:
Increasing Labor Mobility 57 Bilate
Page 81 and 82:
Increasing Labor Mobility 59 Jamaic
Page 83 and 84:
Increasing Labor Mobility 61 factor
Page 85 and 86: Increasing Labor Mobility 63 indivi
Page 87 and 88: Increasing Labor Mobility 65 that a
Page 89 and 90: 3 Legal Services: Does More Trade R
Page 91 and 92: Legal Services: Does More Trade Rhy
Page 97 and 98: Table 3.3. Trade in Legal Services:
Page 113 and 114: Table 3.8. Uruguay Round Commitment
Page 119: Legal Services: Does More Trade Rhy
Page 122 and 123: 100 International Trade in Services
Page 186 and 187:
164 International Trade in Services
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Figure 6.6. Number of Days Required
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 241 and 242:
7 Exporting Information Technology
Page 243 and 244:
Exporting Information Technology Se
Page 245 and 246:
Table 7.1. Major Exporters and Impo
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Table 7.3. Information and Communic
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Brunei Darussalam 48.2 2.9 2,954 66
Page 277 and 278:
Honduras 6.0 — 4,081 10.1 3.3 —
Page 279 and 280:
Norway 85.0 30.6 31,726 82.0 78.0 5
Page 281 and 282:
Uganda 3.6 — 306 5.1 — 170.0 41
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
8 Accounting Services: Ensuring Goo
Page 287 and 288:
Accounting Services 265 exceeding 5
Page 289 and 290:
Accounting Services 267 Links to la
Page 291 and 292:
Accounting Services 269 The account
Page 293 and 294:
Accounting Services 271 Box 8.3: Ex
Page 295 and 296:
Accounting Services 273 service mar
Page 297 and 298:
Accounting Services 275 Table 8.5.
Page 299 and 300:
Accounting Services 277 Box 8.6: Re
Page 301 and 302:
Accounting Services 279 Box 8.7: An
Page 303 and 304:
Accounting Services 281 Table 8.6.
Page 305 and 306:
Accounting Services 283 Restriction
Page 307 and 308:
Accounting Services 285 Commercial
Page 309 and 310:
Accounting Services 287 Colleges of
Page 311 and 312:
Accounting Services 289 Administrat
Page 313:
Accounting Services 291 IESBA (Inte
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
350 Index Association of Certified
Page 374 and 375:
352 Index Convention on Combating B
Page 376 and 377:
354 Index Former Yugoslav Republic
Page 378 and 379:
356 Index International Public Sect
Page 380 and 381:
358 Index migrants. See labor mobil
Page 382 and 383:
360 Index public-private partnershi
Page 384 and 385:
362 Index Thailand construction ser
Page 386:
ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
show all

International Trade in Services.pdf - DSpace at Khazar University

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?