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74 International Trade in Services Table 3.2. Importance of Trade under the Different Modes of Legal Service Supply Mode of supply United Kingdom United States Mode 1: US$3.2 billion (2003) US$3.4 billion (2003) Crossborder supply Mode 2: — — Consumption abroad Mode 3: 484 branches of solicitors US$958 million (2002); top 71 Commercial presence firms established law firms with 343 offices abroad (2003) abroad (2000) Mode 4: 881 work permit requests to 775 work permits issued Movement of natural U.S. lawyers alone (2000) to lawyers (2000) persons Source: Hook (2007). Note: — not available. foreign clients or operations abroad posted on the Web sites of law firms (all modes), can often be found. Table 3.3 provides an example of such evidence collected for Morocco; it reveals the importance of foreign presence, the significant workload associated with the provision of services to foreign companies, the diversity of partnerships and trade models, and the wide array of specialization among firms. While most developing-country trade in legal services occurs with partners in developed countries, there are also examples of South-South transactions. In the Middle East and North Africa Region, a number of mutual recognition agreements among national or regional bar associations facilitate trade in legal services between, for example, the Algiers and the Tunis bars. Other examples of South- South trade in legal services include the opening of offices by the Pakistani firm Zafar & Mandviwalla Law Associates in Afghanistan and by the Pakistani firm Rizvi Isa Afridi & Angell in China and the United Arab Emirates. Pakistani firms also visit clients in the Middle East and the United Kingdom to provide legal advice (Saeed, Qureshi, and Hussain 2005). Another avenue of South-South trade operates through the work of paralegals. These assistants undertake a large part of the background analysis for criminal and commercial law cases, and trainers of paralegal advisers have crossed borders to provide their services. In Malawi, for example, the Paralegal Advisory Service offers paralegal aid in criminal law matters. Four nongovernmental organizations work in partnership with the Malawi Prison Service, the Malawi Police Service, and the courts to offer legal education on the front lines of criminal justice. This area agreement has been in force since May 2000 and involves 38 trained para - legals. The Paralegal Advisory Service is in the process of being transformed into
Table 3.3. Trade in Legal Services: The Example of Morocco Main site Staff Main fields of practice Illustrative list of clients Foreign law firms established in Morocco and local law firms with a significant international presence Bennani & Associés LLP Morocco 10 Corporate and M&A, dispute resolution and litigation, arbitration Microsoft, Wafasalaf, CNIA, Axa, BMCI CMS Bureau Francis Lefebvre France 10 Corporate and M&A, projects and public law, tourism Bouygues, Akzo Nobel, Lacoste El Andaloussi Ernst & Young–Associated Advisers Morocco Morocco (Global) Dispute resolution and litigation, arbitration corporate and M&A, projects and public law — — Gide Loyrette Nouel–Naciri et Associés Guarrigues Maroc Sarl Hajji et Associés Kettani Law Firm France- Morocco Spain- Morocco Morocco Morocco 25 9 20 Corporate and M&A, banking finance and capital markets, dispute resolution and litigation, arbitration, projects and public law, tourism Corporate and M&A Corporate and M&A, banking finance and capital markets, dispute resolution and litigation, arbitration, projects and public law Corporate and M&A, banking finance and capital markets, dispute resolution and litigation, arbitration, projects and public law SAHAM, Akwa Group, Meditelcom — Lenovo, JP Morgan, Hutchinson Port BNP Paribas, Merrill Lynch, Roche SA (Table continues on the following page.) 75
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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International Trade in Services New
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CONTENTS About the Editors and Cont
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Contents vii Boxes 2.1 Extent of Te
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Contents ix 1.4 Worker Remittances
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Contents xi 6.6 A Checklist of Ques
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xiv About the Editors and Contribut
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xvi Foreword Beyond describing the
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xviii Acknowledgments Finally, this
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1 Assessing the Potential of Servic
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Assessing the Potential of Services
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7 Exporting Information Technology
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Exporting Information Technology Se
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Table 7.1. Major Exporters and Impo
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Brunei Darussalam 48.2 2.9 2,954 66
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Honduras 6.0 — 4,081 10.1 3.3 —
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Norway 85.0 30.6 31,726 82.0 78.0 5
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Uganda 3.6 — 306 5.1 — 170.0 41
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8 Accounting Services: Ensuring Goo
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Accounting Services 265 exceeding 5
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Accounting Services 267 Links to la
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Accounting Services 269 The account
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Accounting Services 271 Box 8.3: Ex
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Accounting Services 273 service mar
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Accounting Services 275 Table 8.5.
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Accounting Services 277 Box 8.6: Re
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Accounting Services 279 Box 8.7: An
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Accounting Services 281 Table 8.6.
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Accounting Services 283 Restriction
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Accounting Services 285 Commercial
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Accounting Services 287 Colleges of
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Accounting Services 289 Administrat
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Accounting Services 291 IESBA (Inte
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350 Index Association of Certified
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352 Index Convention on Combating B
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354 Index Former Yugoslav Republic
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356 Index International Public Sect
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358 Index migrants. See labor mobil
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360 Index public-private partnershi
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362 Index Thailand construction ser
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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