350 Index Associ<strong>at</strong>ion of Certified Chartered Accountants, 278 Associ<strong>at</strong>ion of Southeast Asian N<strong>at</strong>ions (ASEAN) construction services <strong>in</strong>, 185, 186f distribution services agreements, 165 medical travel and, 117, 118b RTAs, 50, 51–53t, 54, 56 Auchan (mult<strong>in</strong><strong>at</strong>ional corpor<strong>at</strong>ion), 148b, 148t Australia bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreement with Ch<strong>in</strong>a, 60, 61 environmental services <strong>in</strong>, 335 health services <strong>in</strong>, 108b, 119 labor mobility <strong>in</strong> RTAs, 50–54, 51–53t, 55f, 64–65n4 Australian Productivity Commission, 128 Azerbaijan, construction services <strong>in</strong>, 182 B back-office functions, 7, 80, 110 Bahra<strong>in</strong>, construction services <strong>in</strong>, 205 Baker & McKenzie law firm, 69 Bangladesh construction services <strong>in</strong>, 177 Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 232 IT services <strong>in</strong>, 235, 236 Bank for Investment and Foreign <strong>Trade</strong>, 308b bankruptcy laws, 164, 172 Banque Tuniso-Koweïtienne de Développement (eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g firm), 300b Barbados, bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreement with Canada, 58, 58t, 59 Basu, Subhajit, 244 BDO (account<strong>in</strong>g firm), 290n1 Bhutan, Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 234 big four account<strong>in</strong>g firms, 18, 264, 267, 267t, 268b, 289. See also specific firms bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreements (BLAs), 15, 27, 57–61, 58t bil<strong>at</strong>eral trade agreements for account<strong>in</strong>g services, 272–73, 272t for distribution services, 165–66, 172 for eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services, 307 for environmental services, 339–40 for health services, 134–35, 136t biodiversity, 150 BMI Healthcare, 131b Bolivia environmental services <strong>in</strong>, 328b, 335 labor migr<strong>at</strong>ion agreements, 65n9 Bolivia Institute for Norms and Technical Standards, 335 Booz Allen Hamilton, 244 Bosnia and Herzegov<strong>in</strong>a, construction services <strong>in</strong>, 184, 184f Botswana account<strong>in</strong>g services <strong>in</strong>, 290n2 bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreement with South Africa, 60 distribution services <strong>in</strong>, 146b Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 233b legal services <strong>in</strong>, 70b Boylaud, Olivier, 156–57b Bracero Program (U.S.), 57 Brazil construction services <strong>in</strong>, 178b, 184, 184f, 185, 186f, 192 distribution services <strong>in</strong>, 145, 153 eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services <strong>in</strong>, 295, 298 environmental services <strong>in</strong>, 321, 329 health services <strong>in</strong>, 132b IT services <strong>in</strong>, 222, 225, 237 legal services <strong>in</strong>, 79, 79f service exports, 3, 10 Brazilian Associ<strong>at</strong>ion of Inform<strong>at</strong>ion Technology and Communic<strong>at</strong>ion Companies, 242 Bribe Payers Survey, 200 bribery. See corruption broadband capacity. See Internet Brunei Darussalam, RTA with New Zealand, 50, 51–53t build<strong>in</strong>g codes, 207–10, 213t build<strong>in</strong>g permits. See construction permits build-oper<strong>at</strong>e-transfer models, 243 Bulgaria bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreements, 60 Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 232 Burk<strong>in</strong>a Faso eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services <strong>in</strong>, 300b Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 230 Burundi, Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 233b Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Process<strong>in</strong>g Associ<strong>at</strong>ion, 242 bus<strong>in</strong>ess visitors and salespersons (BVs), 37, 38, 44, 54 C Caisse des Dépôts et Consign<strong>at</strong>ions (eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g firm), 300b Camargo Corrêa (eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g firm), 298 Canada bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreements, 58–59 eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services <strong>in</strong>, 296 health services <strong>in</strong>, 108b, 119, 120, 121t labor mobility <strong>in</strong> RTAs, 38–44, 42–43t, 54–56, 55f Capability M<strong>at</strong>urity Model Integr<strong>at</strong>ion certific<strong>at</strong>ion, 19, 224b, 241, 243 capacity build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> account<strong>in</strong>g services, 277b <strong>in</strong> construction services, 207 <strong>in</strong> distribution services, 150, 167 <strong>in</strong> environmental services, 339 <strong>in</strong> health services, 110 <strong>in</strong> Internet connectivity, 230–34, 231t <strong>in</strong> legal services, 87
Index 351 cap-and-trade system, 340 CapGem<strong>in</strong>i, 241 Caribbean Community (CARICOM) eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services <strong>in</strong>, 308b health services <strong>in</strong>, 135 RTAs, 45, 56 CARIFORUM-EU EPA, 45, 46–47t, 55, 308b Carrefour (mult<strong>in</strong><strong>at</strong>ional corpor<strong>at</strong>ion), 148b, 148t carteliz<strong>at</strong>ion of legal services, 81b C<strong>at</strong>taneo, Olivier, 1, 67, 99, 263, 293 Central African Republic, Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 230 Central America. See also specific countries distribution services <strong>in</strong>, 145 guest workers from, 177 RTA negoti<strong>at</strong>ions, 56 certific<strong>at</strong>ion standards for account<strong>in</strong>g services, 278 for IT services, 243–44 for services, 14, 18–20 CET Tunisie (eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g firm), 300b Chen, Chuan, 182 child labor, 163 Chile associ<strong>at</strong>ion agreement with EU, 45, 46–47t bil<strong>at</strong>eral trade agreements, 39, 40–43t, 44 distribution services <strong>in</strong>, 10, 145, 153 health services imports, 132b labor migr<strong>at</strong>ion agreements, 65n9 RTAs with, 45, 48–49t, 50, 51–53t, 54 Ch<strong>in</strong>a bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreements, 58t, 59, 60 construction services <strong>in</strong>, 177, 178b, 182, 185, 186f, 187, 192, 198b, 208b, 214 distribution services <strong>in</strong>, 145, 146b, 153, 160 eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services <strong>in</strong>, 295 environmental services <strong>in</strong>, 334, 335 health services <strong>in</strong>, 120 high-technology parks <strong>in</strong>, 21, 227, 234, 235 Internet connectivity <strong>in</strong>, 232 IT services <strong>in</strong>, 220, 222, 225, 228, 237, 242 legal services <strong>in</strong>, 70b, 74 remittances to, 36 RTAs with, 51–53t, 54, 56 service exports, 3, 9, 10 Ch<strong>in</strong>a Communic<strong>at</strong>ions Construction Company, 208b Ch<strong>in</strong>a N<strong>at</strong>ional Electronics Import & Export Corpor<strong>at</strong>ion, 178b CH2M Hill (eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g firm), 297, 299t civil eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g, 293. See also eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services COBIT standards, 244 Cognizant, 241 Colombia bil<strong>at</strong>eral labor agreements, 58, 58t, 59 bil<strong>at</strong>eral trade agreements, 39, 42–43t, 44 construction services <strong>in</strong>, 197b environmental services <strong>in</strong>, 328b RTAs with, 55, 56, 65n7 COMETE (eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g firm), 300b commercial presence (Mode 3) <strong>in</strong> account<strong>in</strong>g services, 266b <strong>in</strong> construction services, 181, 202–3t, 202–4, 212t def<strong>in</strong>ed, 8t <strong>in</strong> distribution services, 169–70 <strong>in</strong> eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services, 298b, 315t <strong>in</strong> environmental services, 326 <strong>in</strong> health services, 100, 101t, 104t, 107 <strong>in</strong> IT services, 225, 245–46t <strong>in</strong> legal services, 72b, 73–74, 74t, 93–94t restrictions on, 13 commission agents, 142b competition law enforcement, 17, 161 competitiveness of domestic firms construction services, 206–10, 208b eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services, 308–10 environmental services, 336–37, 336b concessions agreements, 332 construction permits, 17, 159, 188–96, 189–91f, 193–95t, 197b, 200, 211t construction services, 2, 177–217 characteristics of, 177–81, 178b, 179f, 180b competitiveness of domestic firms, 206–10, 208b construction permits, 17, 159, 188–96, 189–91f, 193–95t, 197b, 200, 211t corruption <strong>in</strong>, 196, 200–201, 201b, 215n3 current environment for, 181–87 exports of, 182–85, 183t, 184f, 208b imports of, 182–85, 183t market access issues, 202–3t, 202–4, 212t mult<strong>in</strong><strong>at</strong>ional firms <strong>in</strong>, 185–87, 186f product standards <strong>in</strong>, 207–10, 213t public procurement process, 196–99, 199b, 211–12t recommend<strong>at</strong>ions for, 187–210, 211–13t regul<strong>at</strong>ory environment, 188–201 temporary transfers of foreign labor <strong>in</strong>, 204–5, 212t trade restrictive regul<strong>at</strong>ions, 201–6, 212–13t WTO commitments <strong>in</strong>, 202, 202t consular services, 239 consumer protection, 172, 304 consumption abroad (Mode 2) <strong>in</strong> account<strong>in</strong>g services, 266b <strong>in</strong> construction services, 202–3t, 202–4 def<strong>in</strong>ed, 8t, 9 <strong>in</strong> eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g services, 298b <strong>in</strong> health services, 100, 101t, 104t, 105–7 <strong>in</strong> legal services, 72b, 73–74, 74t contract support, 80, 80t contractual services suppliers (CSSs), 37, 45, 54
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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International Trade in Services New
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CONTENTS About the Editors and Cont
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Contents vii Boxes 2.1 Extent of Te
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Contents ix 1.4 Worker Remittances
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Contents xi 6.6 A Checklist of Ques
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xiv About the Editors and Contribut
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xvi Foreword Beyond describing the
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xviii Acknowledgments Finally, this
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1 Assessing the Potential of Servic
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Increasing Labor Mobility 31 unders
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Table 2.2. Quantitative Estimates o
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Increasing Labor Mobility 39 must h
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Increasing Labor Mobility 45 The EU
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Table 2.7. Agreements between Austr
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7 Exporting Information Technology
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Brunei Darussalam 48.2 2.9 2,954 66
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Honduras 6.0 — 4,081 10.1 3.3 —
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Accounting Services 273 service mar
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Accounting Services 283 Restriction
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