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350 Index Association of Certified Chartered Accountants, 278 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) construction services in, 185, 186f distribution services agreements, 165 medical travel and, 117, 118b RTAs, 50, 51–53t, 54, 56 Auchan (multinational corporation), 148b, 148t Australia bilateral labor agreement with China, 60, 61 environmental services in, 335 health services in, 108b, 119 labor mobility in RTAs, 50–54, 51–53t, 55f, 64–65n4 Australian Productivity Commission, 128 Azerbaijan, construction services in, 182 B back-office functions, 7, 80, 110 Bahrain, construction services in, 205 Baker & McKenzie law firm, 69 Bangladesh construction services in, 177 Internet connectivity in, 232 IT services in, 235, 236 Bank for Investment and Foreign Trade, 308b bankruptcy laws, 164, 172 Banque Tuniso-Koweïtienne de Développement (engineering firm), 300b Barbados, bilateral labor agreement with Canada, 58, 58t, 59 Basu, Subhajit, 244 BDO (accounting firm), 290n1 Bhutan, Internet connectivity in, 234 big four accounting firms, 18, 264, 267, 267t, 268b, 289. See also specific firms bilateral labor agreements (BLAs), 15, 27, 57–61, 58t bilateral trade agreements for accounting services, 272–73, 272t for distribution services, 165–66, 172 for engineering services, 307 for environmental services, 339–40 for health services, 134–35, 136t biodiversity, 150 BMI Healthcare, 131b Bolivia environmental services in, 328b, 335 labor migration agreements, 65n9 Bolivia Institute for Norms and Technical Standards, 335 Booz Allen Hamilton, 244 Bosnia and Herzegovina, construction services in, 184, 184f Botswana accounting services in, 290n2 bilateral labor agreement with South Africa, 60 distribution services in, 146b Internet connectivity in, 233b legal services in, 70b Boylaud, Olivier, 156–57b Bracero Program (U.S.), 57 Brazil construction services in, 178b, 184, 184f, 185, 186f, 192 distribution services in, 145, 153 engineering services in, 295, 298 environmental services in, 321, 329 health services in, 132b IT services in, 222, 225, 237 legal services in, 79, 79f service exports, 3, 10 Brazilian Association of Information Technology and Communication Companies, 242 Bribe Payers Survey, 200 bribery. See corruption broadband capacity. See Internet Brunei Darussalam, RTA with New Zealand, 50, 51–53t building codes, 207–10, 213t building permits. See construction permits build-operate-transfer models, 243 Bulgaria bilateral labor agreements, 60 Internet connectivity in, 232 Burkina Faso engineering services in, 300b Internet connectivity in, 230 Burundi, Internet connectivity in, 233b Business Processing Association, 242 business visitors and salespersons (BVs), 37, 38, 44, 54 C Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (engineering firm), 300b Camargo Corrêa (engineering firm), 298 Canada bilateral labor agreements, 58–59 engineering services in, 296 health services in, 108b, 119, 120, 121t labor mobility in RTAs, 38–44, 42–43t, 54–56, 55f Capability Maturity Model Integration certification, 19, 224b, 241, 243 capacity building in accounting services, 277b in construction services, 207 in distribution services, 150, 167 in environmental services, 339 in health services, 110 in Internet connectivity, 230–34, 231t in legal services, 87
Index 351 cap-and-trade system, 340 CapGemini, 241 Caribbean Community (CARICOM) engineering services in, 308b health services in, 135 RTAs, 45, 56 CARIFORUM-EU EPA, 45, 46–47t, 55, 308b Carrefour (multinational corporation), 148b, 148t cartelization of legal services, 81b Cattaneo, Olivier, 1, 67, 99, 263, 293 Central African Republic, Internet connectivity in, 230 Central America. See also specific countries distribution services in, 145 guest workers from, 177 RTA negotiations, 56 certification standards for accounting services, 278 for IT services, 243–44 for services, 14, 18–20 CET Tunisie (engineering firm), 300b Chen, Chuan, 182 child labor, 163 Chile association agreement with EU, 45, 46–47t bilateral trade agreements, 39, 40–43t, 44 distribution services in, 10, 145, 153 health services imports, 132b labor migration agreements, 65n9 RTAs with, 45, 48–49t, 50, 51–53t, 54 China bilateral labor agreements, 58t, 59, 60 construction services in, 177, 178b, 182, 185, 186f, 187, 192, 198b, 208b, 214 distribution services in, 145, 146b, 153, 160 engineering services in, 295 environmental services in, 334, 335 health services in, 120 high-technology parks in, 21, 227, 234, 235 Internet connectivity in, 232 IT services in, 220, 222, 225, 228, 237, 242 legal services in, 70b, 74 remittances to, 36 RTAs with, 51–53t, 54, 56 service exports, 3, 9, 10 China Communications Construction Company, 208b China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation, 178b CH2M Hill (engineering firm), 297, 299t civil engineering, 293. See also engineering services COBIT standards, 244 Cognizant, 241 Colombia bilateral labor agreements, 58, 58t, 59 bilateral trade agreements, 39, 42–43t, 44 construction services in, 197b environmental services in, 328b RTAs with, 55, 56, 65n7 COMETE (engineering firm), 300b commercial presence (Mode 3) in accounting services, 266b in construction services, 181, 202–3t, 202–4, 212t defined, 8t in distribution services, 169–70 in engineering services, 298b, 315t in environmental services, 326 in health services, 100, 101t, 104t, 107 in IT services, 225, 245–46t in legal services, 72b, 73–74, 74t, 93–94t restrictions on, 13 commission agents, 142b competition law enforcement, 17, 161 competitiveness of domestic firms construction services, 206–10, 208b engineering services, 308–10 environmental services, 336–37, 336b concessions agreements, 332 construction permits, 17, 159, 188–96, 189–91f, 193–95t, 197b, 200, 211t construction services, 2, 177–217 characteristics of, 177–81, 178b, 179f, 180b competitiveness of domestic firms, 206–10, 208b construction permits, 17, 159, 188–96, 189–91f, 193–95t, 197b, 200, 211t corruption in, 196, 200–201, 201b, 215n3 current environment for, 181–87 exports of, 182–85, 183t, 184f, 208b imports of, 182–85, 183t market access issues, 202–3t, 202–4, 212t multinational firms in, 185–87, 186f product standards in, 207–10, 213t public procurement process, 196–99, 199b, 211–12t recommendations for, 187–210, 211–13t regulatory environment, 188–201 temporary transfers of foreign labor in, 204–5, 212t trade restrictive regulations, 201–6, 212–13t WTO commitments in, 202, 202t consular services, 239 consumer protection, 172, 304 consumption abroad (Mode 2) in accounting services, 266b in construction services, 202–3t, 202–4 defined, 8t, 9 in engineering services, 298b in health services, 100, 101t, 104t, 105–7 in legal services, 72b, 73–74, 74t contract support, 80, 80t contractual services suppliers (CSSs), 37, 45, 54
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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International Trade in Services New
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CONTENTS About the Editors and Cont
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Contents vii Boxes 2.1 Extent of Te
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Contents ix 1.4 Worker Remittances
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Contents xi 6.6 A Checklist of Ques
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xiv About the Editors and Contribut
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xvi Foreword Beyond describing the
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xviii Acknowledgments Finally, this
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1 Assessing the Potential of Servic
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Assessing the Potential of Services
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2 Increasing Labor Mobility: Option
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Increasing Labor Mobility 31 unders
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Table 2.2. Quantitative Estimates o
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Borjas, George “Heaven’s Doors:
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Increasing Labor Mobility 37 contri
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Increasing Labor Mobility 39 must h
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Worker categories covered Specifica
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Provisions on professionals Annex o
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Increasing Labor Mobility 45 The EU
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Table 2.7. Agreements between Austr
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Specified quotas n.a. Entry subject
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Increasing Labor Mobility 55 Figure
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Increasing Labor Mobility 57 Bilate
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Increasing Labor Mobility 59 Jamaic
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Increasing Labor Mobility 61 factor
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Increasing Labor Mobility 63 indivi
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Increasing Labor Mobility 65 that a
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3 Legal Services: Does More Trade R
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Legal Services: Does More Trade Rhy
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Table 3.3. Trade in Legal Services:
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Table 3.8. Uruguay Round Commitment
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100 International Trade in Services
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Figure 6.6. Number of Days Required
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7 Exporting Information Technology
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Exporting Information Technology Se
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Table 7.1. Major Exporters and Impo
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Table 7.3. Information and Communic
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Brunei Darussalam 48.2 2.9 2,954 66
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Honduras 6.0 — 4,081 10.1 3.3 —
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Norway 85.0 30.6 31,726 82.0 78.0 5
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Uganda 3.6 — 306 5.1 — 170.0 41
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8 Accounting Services: Ensuring Goo
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Accounting Services 265 exceeding 5
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Accounting Services 267 Links to la
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Accounting Services 269 The account
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Accounting Services 271 Box 8.3: Ex
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Accounting Services 273 service mar
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Accounting Services 275 Table 8.5.
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Accounting Services 277 Box 8.6: Re
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Accounting Services 279 Box 8.7: An
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Accounting Services 281 Table 8.6.
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Accounting Services 283 Restriction
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Accounting Services 285 Commercial
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Accounting Services 287 Colleges of
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Accounting Services 289 Administrat
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Accounting Services 291 IESBA (Inte
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Page 322 and 323: 300 International Trade in Services
Page 374 and 375: 352 Index Convention on Combating B
Page 376 and 377: 354 Index Former Yugoslav Republic
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Page 380 and 381: 358 Index migrants. See labor mobil
Page 382 and 383: 360 Index public-private partnershi
Page 384 and 385: 362 Index Thailand construction ser
Page 386: ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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