International Trade in Services.pdf - DSpace at Khazar University

Increasing Labor Mobility 55
Figure 2.1. Provisions on Mode 4 in FTAs between Developed and
Developing Countries
10
9
8
7
level of access
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Nafta 1994
Chile 1997
Colombia
Peru 2008
Singapore
Chile 2004
Morocco
DR CAFTA
Peru
Mexico
Chile 2007
Indonesia
Philippines
P4 2006
ASEAN
China
Chile 2009
Turkey
Morocco
Chile
CARIFORUM
Canada to
United States to Japan to Australia– European Union to
New Zealand to
chapter on services
Mode 4 annex
professional categories covered
technician categories covered
Mode 4 categories covered
quotas
Source: Authors’ compilation.
CSSs, and other skilled workers) that have been guaranteed access under the
respective agreement. This format allows for a visual representation and comparison
of the provisions on labor mobility, as well as on the extent of market access
represented by each of the RTAs examined.
In general, trade agreements concluded by developed countries with developing
countries focus almost exclusively on professional service providers. However,
many go beyond the GATS by offering access for a greater number of categories of
professional services either through expanded numbers of covered categories or
through unlimited access. They also often offer long-term visa renewals once professionals
are settled in the country. Therefore, distinct progress has been made
with respect to professional services.
A few developed countries have been willing recently to go beyond the expansion
of access only for professional service providers. This includes, notably, Canada in
the two recent FTAs negotiated with Colombia and Peru. The FTAs extend access to
the Canadian market to 50 categories of technicians. The innovative category also
includes the EU EPA with CARIFORUM, which has extended market access to