International Trade in Services.pdf - DSpace at Khazar University

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352 Index Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD), 215n3 corporate social responsibility, 162–63 corruption in construction services, 196, 200–201, 201b, 215n3 in engineering services procurement, 304 in environmental services procurement, 334 in public procurement process, 20 Costa Rica, IT services in, 222, 227b costs of construction permits, 191f, 192 of health services, 118–19, 119t of health services education, 107 of legal services, 85–86, 85t, 86b transaction costs, 17, 167, 208, 209, 215, 225 welfare costs, 154 Croatia and health services trade agreements, 134 crossborder supply (Mode 1) accounting services, 266b construction services, 202–3t, 202–4 defined, 8–9, 8t distribution services, 170–71 engineering services, 298b environmental services, 326 health services, 100, 101t, 104, 104t IT services, 225, 226, 237 legal services, 72b, 73–74, 74t, 93t cross-subsidization in distribution services, 149 Cuba environmental services in, 321, 328b health services exports, 131, 132b, 133, 134 Internet connectivity in, 230 customs practices, 7, 167 Cyprus accounting services in, 265 service exports, 10 Czech Republic accounting services in, 265 environmental services in, 328 IT services in, 220, 227b, 237 service exports, 10 D data privacy protection, 241, 243–44 Deloitte Consulting, 99, 112, 113, 241 Deloitte Touche Tomatsu, 264, 267t Denton Wilde Sapte law firm, 70b Dihel, Nora Carina, 319 direct marketing, 160, 172 Disciplines on Domestic Regulation in the Accounting Sector (WTO), 273 distribution services, 2, 141–76 bilateral trade agreements on, 165–66, 172 current environment for, 147–53 economic scope of, 143b exports, 152–53 governmental policies for, 163–67, 171–72 imports, 147–49, 148b internationalization trends, 151–52 market access issues, 158–63, 168–69 market liberalization, 149–51, 163–67 principal activities in, 142b reform recommendations, 153–58, 156–57b, 167–72 in RTAs, 165–66, 172 trade facilitation for, 167 WTO Doha development agenda for, 166–67 Doing Business 2009 (World Bank), 188 Dominican Republic bilateral labor agreement with Spain, 60 environmental services in, 321 RTA negotiations with Canada, 56 door-to-door direct selling, 160 Dossani, Rafiq, 226, 232 double taxation, 307, 314, 336 DR-CAFTA, 39, 40–41t Dubai, health services in, 108b Dublin Accord (2002), 312, 313t E East African submarine cable system, 233b economic needs tests, 240, 338 Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), 45, 135 ecotourism, 165 Ecuador bilateral labor agreement with Spain, 59–60 environmental services in, 328b labor migration agreements, 65n9 legal services in, 77 RTA negotiations with EU, 56 education accounting services, 278, 280b engineering services, 304–6, 305f, 309b environmental services, 339 health services, 107, 123–25, 124b, 135 IT services, 226, 227, 227b, 236–37, 236b, 248 legal services, 85–88, 85t, 86b, 88t service sectors, 20–21 Edu Egypt Initiative, 224b Egypt, Arab Republic of accounting services in, 268b bilateral labor agreement with Greece, 60 construction services in, 177, 178b, 182, 184, 185, 186f, 197b, 214 distribution services in, 146b, 166 health services exports, 105–6b high-technology parks in, 21, 227, 234 Internet connectivity in, 232 IT services in, 222, 224b, 227b regional trade agreement with EU, 44 service exports, 9, 10 VOIP services in, 234
Index 353 Ehrbeck, Tilman, 115, 116 electrical engineering, 294. See also engineering services electricity supply, 147, 230 El Shenawi, Naqwa, 232 emergency care, 116 employment. See labor and employment Engineering Council of South Africa, 311 engineering services, 2, 293–318 competitiveness of domestic firms, 308–10 current environment for, 295–300, 296t, 297f, 299t defined, 294b education in, 304–6, 305f exports of, 296t finance, access to, 302–3 home market reforms, 301–2 imports of, 296t mutual recognition agreements, 312, 313t offensive trade strategies for, 306–7 professional organizations for, 310–11 public procurement policies, 303–4 recommendations for, 300–308, 309b, 311b, 315–16t regional agreements in, 307–8, 308b standards for, 311–12 supply channels for, 298b training in, 304–6, 305f Engineering Technologist Mobility Forum Agreement (2003), 312, 313t Engineers Mobility Forum Agreement (2001), 312, 313t Engman, Michael, 1, 177, 219, 293 Enka Construction & Industry Company, 208b Environmental Business International, 326, 347n2 Environmental Market Development Model, 325b, 325f environmental services, 2, 319–48 bilateral trade agreements, 339–40 competitiveness of domestic firms, 336–37, 336b current environment for, 322–30, 323–24t, 325b defined, 320b efficiency improvements, 331–33 exports, 340–41 market access issues, 333, 339–40, 343t multilateral trade agreements, 339–40 offensive trade strategies for, 337–41 pricing improvements via competition, 331–33 public procurement policies for, 333–37, 342t recommendations for, 330–41, 342–44t regulatory framework for, 331–33, 342t in RTAs, 339–40 standards for, 334–36 temporary movement of service providers in, 344t trade in, 326–30, 327b, 328b, 329t, 338–39 trends in, 329–30 EnviroServ, 321, 328b EPA (Economic Partnership Agreement), 45, 135 Ernst & Young, 264, 267t ethics in accounting services, 279 Ethiopia, Internet connectivity in, 230, 233b Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, 135 European Free Trade Association, 65n7 European Retail Round Table, 148b, 148t European Society for Quality in Healthcare, 128 European Union (EU) construction services in, 182, 187 distribution services in, 148b engineering services in, 296, 308b environmental services in, 326 health services trade in, 113, 135 IT services in, 220 labor mobility in RTAs, 44–45, 46–47t, 54–56, 55f legal services regulation in, 81–82 service exports, 3 Eurostat, 320b expatriates, 115 exports accounting services, 265t, 267–69, 269t construction services, 182–85, 183t, 184f, 206, 208b distribution services, 152–53 engineering services, 296t environmental services, 340–41 health services, 112–25, 114b, 114f, 115b, 116–17f, 119t, 121t, 122b, 124b incentive credits for, 206 IT services, 223t, 224b service sector, 9–10 F fast-track visa procedures, 89b FDI. See foreign direct investment fiber-optic networks, 234 Financial Accounting Standards Board, 274b financing access to, 153, 164 construction services, 213 engineering services, 302–3 Fink, M., 81 fisheries, bilateral labor agreements for, 60 foreign direct investment (FDI) distribution services, 143b, 146b, 149 health services, 103–4, 108–9b IT services, 224b legal services, 70b foreign legal consultants, 78b
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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International Trade in Services New
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CONTENTS About the Editors and Cont
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Contents vii Boxes 2.1 Extent of Te
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Contents ix 1.4 Worker Remittances
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Contents xi 6.6 A Checklist of Ques
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xiv About the Editors and Contribut
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xvi Foreword Beyond describing the
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xviii Acknowledgments Finally, this
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1 Assessing the Potential of Servic
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Assessing the Potential of Services
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2 Increasing Labor Mobility: Option
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Increasing Labor Mobility 31 unders
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Table 2.2. Quantitative Estimates o
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Borjas, George “Heaven’s Doors:
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Increasing Labor Mobility 37 contri
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Increasing Labor Mobility 39 must h
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Worker categories covered Specifica
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Provisions on professionals Annex o
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Increasing Labor Mobility 45 The EU
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Table 2.7. Agreements between Austr
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Specified quotas n.a. Entry subject
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Increasing Labor Mobility 55 Figure
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Increasing Labor Mobility 57 Bilate
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Increasing Labor Mobility 59 Jamaic
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Increasing Labor Mobility 61 factor
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Increasing Labor Mobility 63 indivi
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Increasing Labor Mobility 65 that a
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3 Legal Services: Does More Trade R
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Legal Services: Does More Trade Rhy
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Table 3.3. Trade in Legal Services:
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Table 3.8. Uruguay Round Commitment
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100 International Trade in Services
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Figure 6.6. Number of Days Required
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7 Exporting Information Technology
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Exporting Information Technology Se
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Table 7.1. Major Exporters and Impo
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Table 7.3. Information and Communic
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Brunei Darussalam 48.2 2.9 2,954 66
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Honduras 6.0 — 4,081 10.1 3.3 —
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Norway 85.0 30.6 31,726 82.0 78.0 5
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Uganda 3.6 — 306 5.1 — 170.0 41
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8 Accounting Services: Ensuring Goo
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Accounting Services 265 exceeding 5
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Accounting Services 267 Links to la
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Accounting Services 269 The account
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Accounting Services 271 Box 8.3: Ex
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Accounting Services 273 service mar
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Accounting Services 275 Table 8.5.
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Accounting Services 277 Box 8.6: Re
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Accounting Services 279 Box 8.7: An
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Accounting Services 281 Table 8.6.
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Accounting Services 283 Restriction
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Accounting Services 285 Commercial
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Accounting Services 287 Colleges of
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Accounting Services 289 Administrat
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Accounting Services 291 IESBA (Inte
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Page 324 and 325: 302 International Trade in Services
Page 372 and 373: 350 Index Association of Certified
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Page 384 and 385: 362 Index Thailand construction ser
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