The Gougeon Brothers on Boat Construction - WEST SYSTEM Epoxy

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<strong>Gougeon</strong> <strong>Brothers</strong>, Inc. P.O. Box 100 Patterson Avenue Bay City, Michigan, 48707-0908 Editor: Kay Harley Technical Editors: Brian K. Knight and Tom P. Pawlak Designer: Michael Barker Copyright © 2005, 1985, 1982, 1979 by <strong>Gougeon</strong> <strong>Brothers</strong>, Inc. P.O. Box 908, Bay City, Michigan 48707, U. S. A. First edition, 1979. Fifth edition, 2005. Except for use in a review, no part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form, or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying, recording, or by an information storage and retrieval system without prior written approval from <strong>Gougeon</strong> <strong>Brothers</strong>, Inc., P.O. Box 908, Bay City, Michigan 48707-0908, U. S. A., 866-937-8797 <strong>The</strong> techniques suggested in this book are based on many years of practical experience and have worked well in a wide range of applications. However, as <strong>Gougeon</strong> <strong>Brothers</strong>, Inc. and WEST SYSTEM, Inc.will have no control over actual fabrication, any user of these techniques should understand that use is at the user’s own risk. Users who purchase WEST SYSTEM ® products should be careful to review each product’s specific instructions as to use and warranty provisions. LCCN 00000 ISBN 1-878207-50-4 Cover illustration by Michael Barker. Layout by Golden Graphics, Midland, Michigan. Printed in the United States of America by McKay Press, Inc., Midland, Michigan.
Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Chapter 1 Introduction–<strong>Gougeon</strong> <strong>Brothers</strong> and WEST SYSTEM ® Epoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Gougeon</strong> <strong>Brothers</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Development of WEST SYSTEM Brand Epoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Racing Success of Wood/WEST SYSTEM Epoxy Boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Development of Wind Turbine Blades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 <strong>The</strong> Company Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Fundamentals of Wood/Epoxy Composite Construction Chapter 2 Modern Wood/Epoxy Composite Boatbuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 <strong>The</strong> Shift from Traditional Boatbuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Epoxy Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 WEST SYSTEM ® Epoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Advantages of Composite Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 <strong>The</strong> Importance of Research and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Chapter 3 Wood as a Structural Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Engineering for Wooden Boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Wood Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Wood Stiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Trees into Lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Wood and Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Moisture and Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Wood/Epoxy Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Determining Moisture Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Dry Rot (and Other Vermin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 4 WEST SYSTEM ® Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Characteristics of WEST SYSTEM Epoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Fatigue Behavior of WEST SYSTEM Epoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 WEST SYSTEM Resin and Hardeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 WEST SYSTEM Fillers and Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 WEST SYSTEM Reinforcing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 WEST SYSTEM Metering Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Mixing and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Epoxy Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Using WEST SYSTEM Epoxy in Hot or Cold Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chapter 5 Hull Construction Techniques—An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Laminated Hulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Hot and Cold Molding—A Historical Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 <strong>The</strong> Mold Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 <strong>The</strong> Strip Plank/Veneer Method for Larger Boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Strip Composite Construction for Smaller or Lightly Built Boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 <strong>The</strong> Stringer-Frame Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Hard Chine and Developed Plywood Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Compounded Plywood Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Page 1: The Gougeo
Page 6 and 7: iv Table of Content Getting Started
Page 8 and 9: vi Table of Content Chapter 17 Mold
Page 10 and 11: viii Table of Content Later Product
Page 12 and 13: x Preface The brie
Page 14 and 15: xii Table of Content
Page 16 and 17: 2 Introduction With the help of fri
Page 18 and 19: 4 Introduction
Page 21 and 22: Modern Wood/Epoxy Composite Boatbui
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 - Modern Wood/Epoxy Compo
Page 25 and 26: Wood as a Structural Material CHAPT
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 3 - Wood as a Structural Ma
Page 39 and 40: WEST SYSTEM ® Products This chapte
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 4 - WEST SYSTEM ® Products
Page 49 and 50: Hull Construction Techniques— An
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 5 - Hull Construction Techn
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Chapter 5 - Hull Construction Techn
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Getting Started Chapter 6 Before Yo
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46 Getting Started Finally, should
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48 Getting Started Designers’ fee
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50 Getting Started
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52 Getting Started Material Price/b
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54 Getting Started between layers o
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56 Getting Started mast; sails and
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58 Getting Started
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60 Getting Started and it is import
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62 Getting Started necessity. We al
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64 Getting Started Grit refers to t
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66 Getting Started An efficient flo
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68 Getting Started Ridge Pole Frame
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70 Getting Started
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72 Getting Started unimproved lumbe
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74 Getting Started If it is not yet
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76 Getting Started chapters, we adv
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78 Getting Started
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80 Getting Started The</str
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82 Getting Started cures quickly to
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84 Getting Started Evap. Rate LEL2
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86 Getting Started 4. Use wet, rath
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88 Getting Started
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Laminating and Bonding Techniques <
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Chapter 11 - Laminating and Bonding
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Scarfing Scarfing remains an essent
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Chapter 12 - Scarfing 109 and used
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Chapter 12 - Scarfing 111 Productio
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Chapter 12 - Scarfing 113 Figure 12
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Chapter 12 - Scarfing 115 Figure 12
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Chapter 12 - Scarfing 117 bevels on
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Synthetic Fibers and WEST SYSTEM ®
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Chapter 13 - Synthetic Fibers and W
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Hardware Bonding As stated earlier
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 131 s
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 133 t
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 135 A
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 137 F
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 141 F
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 143 W
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 147 W
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Chapter 14 - Hardware Bonding 149 K
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Coating and Finishing Broadly, the
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Chapter 15 - Coating and Finishing
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First Production Steps Chapter 16 L
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166 First Production Steps Hull Lin
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168 First Production Steps Figure 1
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170 First Production Steps 1" X 4"
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172 First Production Steps After ch
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174 First Production Steps did the
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176 First Production Steps stem or
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180 First Production Steps case you
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182 First Production Steps curve th
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184 First Production Steps Mark the
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186 First Production Steps
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188 First Production Steps will be
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190 First Production Steps Notches
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192 First Production Steps image an
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194 First Production Steps probably
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202 First Production Steps Setting
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204 First Production Steps To detec
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206 First Production Steps Beveling
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208 First Production Steps Section
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210 First Production Steps Stem lam
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216 First Production Steps Keel Fai
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Building a Mold or Plug A mold is a
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Chapter 20 - Building a Mold or Plu
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Laminating Veneer Over a Mold or Pl
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Chapter 21 - Laminating Veneer Over
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Stringer-Frame Construction While s
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Chapter 22 - Stringer-Frame Constru
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Strip Plank Laminated Veneer and St
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Chapter 23 - Strip Plank Laminated
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Hard Chine Plywood Construction A s
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Chapter 24 - Hard Chine Plywood Con
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Compounded Plywood Construction Mos
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Chapter 25 - Compounded Plywood Con
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Later Production Steps Chapter 26 I
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318 Later Production Steps Figure 2
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322 Later Production Steps Material
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324 Later Production Steps Bulkhead
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326 Later Production Steps Teak ven
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328 Later Production Steps fuel tan
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330 Later Production Steps to the s
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332 Later Production Steps they are
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336 Later Production Steps
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338 Later Production Steps Preparin
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340 Later Production Steps A semici
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346 Later Production Steps Staple p
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348 Later Production Steps After we
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352 Later Production Steps Flat saw
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Review of Basic Techniques for Usin
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Selected Bibliography While the fol
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