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List of figures, boxes and tablesxxiBOXES1.1 Enhancing urban safety and human security in Asia through the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security 91.2 Startling data on crime and violence in Brazil (2006) 141.3 Forced eviction: A typology 151.4 Conventional wisdom about natural and human-made disasters 181.5 Disaster experiences that challenge conventional wisdom 182.1 The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Victims and land tenure 262.2 Urban land-use processes and dynamics 32II.1 Nairobi: A city under siege by murderous gangs 463.1 Violence against women in South Africa 593.2 Street families and street children in Nairobi 593.3 Rapid urban growth and crime: The example of São Paulo, Brazil 693.4 Serial murder in a New Delhi slum 733.5 The Mungiki movement in Nairobi, Kenya 793.6 Examples of employment disruptions by industry due to the 9/11 attack, New York City, US 814.1 The Safer Nairobi Initiative 874.2 The key propositions in the European Pre-Standard on Urban Planning and Crime Prevention 884.3 Getting the English planning system to engage with crime prevention 894.4 The government of Western Australia’s Community Safety and Crime Prevention Strategy 904.5 Key conclusions from the 2003 Port Moresby survey of people aged 15 to 35, undertaken for itsSafer Cities Programme 954.6 The Bradford Unitary Development Plan on planning for crime prevention 974.7 Examples of initiatives undertaken as part of the Crime Prevention through Social Development programmeof Toronto’s Community Safety Strategy 1004.8 Changing styles of policing in Hong Kong since the late 1960s 1014.9 The role of the women’s safety audit in Durban (Ethekwini), South Africa 103III.1 Security of tenure: The triumph of the ‘self-service city’ 1125.1 Tenure categories for the urban poor 1175.2 Tenure types in Phnom Penh, Cambodia 1185.3 Defining homelessness 1195.4 Security of tenure: State party reporting responsibilities under the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1205.5 Measuring the progressive realization of housing rights 1205.6 When is tenure secure? The eviction of the Group 78 community in Phnom Penh, Cambodia 1225.7 Increasing tenure insecurity in China 1235.8 Erosion of tenure protections in Canada 1235.9 Forced evictions: A sample of cases from Nigeria 1255.10 Expropriation and compulsory acquisition: Examples of constitutional provisions 1275.11 Urban growth causes large-scale rural land seizures and relocations in China 1285.12 The epic struggle of the Kerrigan family 1285.13 Forced evictions caused or ‘facilitated’ by the 2008 Beijing Olympics 1295.14 Recommendations by the United Nations Special Envoy on Operation Murambatsvina 1305.15 Inheritance and gender 1325.16 Forced evictions and discrimination in international law 1335.17 Security of tenure for migrant workers in China 1335.18 Security of tenure-related challenges in occupied Iraq 1346.1 The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and security of tenure 1386.2 Essential ingredients for slum upgrading 1386.3 The Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority (SKAA) 1396.4 Upgrading with community empowerment 1396.5 The legalization of Turkey’s gecekondu 1416.6 Adverse possession 1416.7 Land titling programmes and internal conflict 1426.8 The Global Land Tool Network 1436.9 The importance of efficient land administration systems 1436.10 What are cadastres and land registries? 1446.11 Towards a new approach to land registration 1456.12 Evictions as violations of international law 146