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334Statistical annexPopulation, urban and rural: Mid-year estimates andprojections (medium variant) of the population residing inhuman settlements classified as urban or rural.Poverty definitions: National poverty rate: Percentage ofthe population living below the national poverty line.National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroupestimates from household surveys. Survey year is theyear in which the underlying data were collected. Populationbelow US$1 a day and Population below US$2 a day:Percentages of the population living on less than US$1.08 aday and US$2.15 a day at 1993 international prices (equivalentto US$1 and US$2 in 1985 prices, adjusted forpurchasing power parity).Prevalence of HIV, 15-49 age group: The percentage ofpopulation aged 15-49 years who are infected with HIV.Prosecution staff: Prosecution personnel - a governmentofficial whose duty is to initiate and maintain criminalproceedings on behalf of the state against persons accused ofcommitting a criminal offence. In some countries, a prosecutoris a member of a separate agency, in others, a prosecutoris a member of the police or judiciary.Rape: Sexual intercourse without valid consent by one ofthe parties involved.Refugees, asylum-seekers and others concern: Data areprovided by governments based on their own definitions andmethods of collection. Total asylum-seekers, refugees andothers of concern to the United Nations High Commissionerfor Refugees (UNHCR) include the following. Refugees:Persons recognized as refugees under the internationalconventions, in accordance with the UNHCR Statute;persons allowed to stay on humanitarian grounds and thosegranted temporary protection. Asylum-seekers: Personswhose application for refugee status is pending in the asylumprocedure or who are otherwise registered as asylumseekers.The total number of asylum-seekers isunderestimated due to a lack of data from a number ofcountries. Returned refugees: Refugees who have returnedto their country of origin during the year. Internallydisplaced persons (IDPs): Persons who are displaced withintheir country and to whom UNHCR extends protection orassistance, generally pursuant to a special request by acompetent organ of the United Nations. Returned IDPs: IDPsof concern to UNHCR who have returned to their place oforigin during the year. Stateless Person: Any person who isnot considered as a national by any state through its nationalitylegislation or constitution. This definition refers mainly tode jure stateless persons but also includes de facto statelesspersons as well as persons who have difficulties establishingtheir nationality. Refugees and asylum seekers by place oforigin excludes stateless persons.Regulatory quality: The ability of the government toformulate and implement sound policies and regulations thatpermit and promote private sector development.Roads: Motorways, highways, main or national roads, andsecondary or regional roads. A motorway is a road speciallydesigned and built for motor vehicles that separates thetraffic flowing in opposite directions. Total road network:Includes motorways, highways and main or national roads,secondary or regional roads, and all other roads in a country.Paved roads: Roads surfaced with crushed stone (macadam)and hydrocarbon binder or bitumized agents, with concreteor with cobblestones, as a percentage of all of the country’sroads measured in length.Robbery: The theft of property from a person, overcomingresistance by force or threat of force.Rule of law: The extent to which agents have confidence inand abide by the rules of society, and in particular the qualityof contract enforcement, the police, and the courts, as wellas the likelihood of crime and violence.Slum dwellers: Individuals residing in housing with one ormore of the following conditions: inadequate drinking water;inadequate sanitation; poor structural quality/durability ofhousing; overcrowding; and insecurity of tenure.Theft: The removal of property without the propertyowner’s consent. Theft excludes burglary and housebreakingas well as theft of a motor vehicle. Some criminal andpenal codes distinguish between grand and petty theft,depending on the value of the goods and property taken fromtheir rightful owner.Transport used for work trips: Percentage of work tripsundertaken by private car; train, tram or ferry; bus orminibus; other (motorcycle, bicycle and other non-motorizedmodes). When several modes of transport are used for agiven trip, the principal mode is selected.Travel time: Average time in minutes for a one-way worktrip. This is an average over all modes of transport.Urban agglomerations and capital cities: The term ‘urbanagglomeration’ refers to the population contained within thecontours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban densitylevels without regard to administrative boundaries. It usuallyincorporates the population in a city or town plus that in thesuburban areas lying outside of but being adjacent to the cityboundaries. Whenever possible, data classified according tothe concept of urban agglomeration are used. However,some countries do not produce data according to theconcept of urban agglomeration but use instead that ofmetropolitan area or city proper. If possible, such data areadjusted to conform to the concept of urban agglomeration.When sufficient information is not available to permit suchan adjustment, data based on the concept of city proper ormetropolitan area are used. The sources listed onlineindicate whether data were adjusted to conform to the urbanagglomeration concept or whether a different concept wasused. Table C.1 contains revised estimates and projectionsfor all urban agglomerations comprising 750,000 or moreinhabitants.