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Index437domestic abuse see intimate partner violenceDominican Disaster Mitigation Committee (DDMC) 202Dominican Republicdisaster response 215security of tenure 150drainage 16DRF see Dispute Resolution Foundationdriver impairment 228driver training 227drought 178, 182, 189, 197drug cartels 13drug trafficking 61–62, 77, 257early warning systems 165, 210–211, 237, 278, 280,290–292, 323Earthquake Disaster Risk Index 197Earthquake Lethality Estimation Method 197earthquakes 167, 169community participation 296disaster impacts 177disaster response 321–322disaster risk 202, 205engineering 208hazard mapping 196insurance 321megacities 208schools 197secure tenure 133ecological features 3economic development zones 128economic growth 4crime and violence 74disaster effects 179disaster loss 174, 183GDP 9macro-economy 30Ecuadorcrime and violence 72disaster-related education 298education 21conflict resolution 104disaster resilience 210disaster risk 296, 319Millennium Development Goals 279road safety 227self-reliance 297–298social capital 248young offenders 246Egyptillegal settlements 140sea-level rise 290eijdal land 116elderlydisaster impacts 181heat shock 290housing 264e-learning 289electricity 208El Salvador, disaster risk reduction 283emergency preparedness 280emergency recovery loans (ERLs) 213emergency services 292employment 9terrorist attacks 80see also unemploymentengineering, indigenous buildings 288–289environmentdisaster impacts 178urbanization 184–185environmental criminology 69environmental health 167environmental sustainability, Millennium DevelopmentGoals 279epidemic diseases 10, 167Equatorial Guinea, forced evictions 125ERLs see emergency recovery loansethnic cleansing 144, 270ethnic identity 13Europecrime prevention 88natural disasters 191–192European Court of Human Rights, security of tenure 151European Pre-Standard on Urban Planning and CrimePrevention 88evacuation planning 292, 297evictions 123–127compulsory acquisition 126–127large-scale 127–128market-based 15, 126see also forced evictionsex ante actions 23exclusion 4explosions 167ex post actions 23exposure 198expropriation 126–127externalities 9extra-judicial killings 50extreme weather events 186familism 306famine 38FAO see United Nations Food and Agriculture Organizationfatigue, traffic accidents 228favelas 76, 77, 187, 268, 311, 312fearscapes 19financedisaster risk management 211–213reconstruction 294see also World Bankfinancial markets 27Finland, housing rights 270fire 185flash flooding 185flooding 3, 167, 169Africa 189Americas 190climate change 28, 186