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438Enhancing Urban Safety and SecurityEurope 192hazard mapping 196land use planning 188–189poverty 188urbanization 185Florida (US), Safe Neighbourhoods Act 91–92flow losses 177forced evictions 15, 16, 112, 124–126, 236, 313civil society responses 151–152development projects 147human rights 37, 146, 147infrastructure projects 124, 128–129international law 236, 264, 276international mega events 124, 129international organizations 152–153land registries 145legal protection 145–148moratorium 142, 236, 277procedural protections 147urban beautification 124, 129–130forced labour 63foreign currency 213foreign investmentcrime rates 46urbanization 183foreign workers 12foster care 58Francedisaster impacts 18, 208penal mediation 102road traffic accidents 228tenure rights 148fraud 52freedoms 8, 9, 303freehold 115, 140, 268free trade 4Fukuoka Declaration (2001) 8, 274, 275gang membership 45gang violence 3, 14gated communities 33, 75–76GCB see Global Corruption BarometerGDP see gross domestic productgecekondu sites 32, 141, 318genderdisaster impacts 180–181equality 279inheritance 132road traffic accidents 222see also womengeneric victims 35gentrificationforced evictions 124market-based evictions 126geographic information systems (GIS) 164, 196, 205, 238,284geography of disaster risk 10geography of misery 10GeoHazards International (GHI) 197, 208geomorphology 183Germanyhousing rights 270human trafficking 64Ghanaforced evictions 125land registries 144speed bumps 227GHI (GeoHazards International) 197, 208GIIF see Global Index Insurance FacilityGini coefficiency 67GIS see geographic information systemsGlobal Campaign for Secure Tenure 124, 152, 262, 263Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) 59global economy 26, 27Global Index Insurance Facility (GIIF) 294globalizationorganized crime 61tenure security 269Global Land Tool Network 143global markets 27Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) 230, 231global warming 17, 27–28governance 4, 39crime and violence 85corruption 96policy responses 239–242Port Moresby 95–96processes 93–96responses 88–92, 96–105São Paulo 94–95deliberative processes 297disaster risk 164, 165, 281disaster risk reduction 296reconstruction 295uncertainty 28–29see also policiesgrassroots movements 21greenhouse gas emissions 186, 290gross domestic product (GDP) 9bribery 59crime correlations 10, 13disaster impact 163, 173homicide rates 67intimate partner violence 73traffic accidents 163, 220ground rent 116groundwater 178GRSP (Global Road Safety Partnership) 230, 231guardianship 100–101Guatemala, youth gangs 64gun violence 62, 70, 78, 311women 72Guyana, disasters 212Habitat Agenda 274, 280–281Habitat International Coalition (HIC) 151hate crime 304hazard, definition 219