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Technical notes333ing water sources or delivery points (listed below). Improveddrinking water technologies are more likely to provide safedrinking water than those characterized as unimproved.Improved drinking water sources: Piped water into dwelling,plot or yard; Public tap/standpipe; Tubewell/borehole;Protected dug well; Protected spring; Rainwater collection.Unimproved drinking water sources: Unprotected dug well;Unprotected spring; Cart with small tank/drum; Bottledwater 8 ; Tanker-truck; Surface water (river, dam, lake, pond,stream, canal, irrigation channels)Improved sanitation coverage: This is an indicatorexpressed as the percentage of people using improvedsanitation facilities (listed below). Improved sanitation facilitiesare more likely to prevent human contact with humanexcreta than unimproved facilities. Improved sanitation facilities:Flush or pour–flush to: piped sewer system, septictank, pit latrine; Ventilated improved pit latrine; Pit latrinewith slab; Composting toilet. Unimproved sanitation facilities:Flush or pour–flush to elsewhere 9 ; Pit latrine withoutslab or open pit; Bucket; Hanging toilet or hanging latrine;No facilities or bush or field.Intentional homicide: Death deliberately inflicted on aperson by another person, including infanticide.Land inequality: This measures the extent to which thedistribution of land among individuals or households withinan economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.Level of urbanization: Percentage of the population residingin places classified as urban. Urban and rural settlementsare defined in the national context and vary among countries(the definitions of urban are generally national definitionsincorporated within the latest census).Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborninfant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at thetime of birth were to stay the same throughout the child’slife.Motor vehicles: Include cars, buses and freight vehicles butnot two-wheelers. Roads refer to motorways, highways, mainor national roads, and secondary or regional roads. A motorwayis a road specially designed and built for motor trafficthat separates the traffic flowing in opposite directions.Natural Disaster: A serious disruption triggered by anatural hazard causing human, material, economic orenvironmental losses, which exceed the ability of thoseaffected to cope.Natural Hazard: Natural processes or phenomena occurringin the biosphere that may constitute a damaging event.Hazardous events vary in magnitude, frequency, duration,area of extent, speed of onset, spatial dispersion and temporalspacing. In tables, natural hazards refer exclusively toearthquake, tropical cyclone, flood and drought.Non-intentional homicide: Death not deliberately inflictedon a person by another person. This includes the crime ofmanslaughter but excludes traffic accidents that result in thedeath of persons.Persons in housing units: Number of persons resident inhousing units.Persons prosecuted: Alleged offenders prosecuted bymeans of an official charge, initiated by the public prosecutoror the law enforcement agency responsible forprosecution.Police staff: Police personnel or law enforcement personnelin public agencies whose principal functions are the prevention,detection and investigation of crime and theapprehension of alleged offenders. Data concerning supportstaff (secretaries, clerks etc.) are not excluded.Political stability and absence of violence: Perceptions ofthe likelihood that the government will be destabilized oroverthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, includingdomestic violence and terrorism.Poor households: Percentage of women and men-headedhouseholds situated below the locally defined poverty line.The poverty line is usually an ‘absolute’ poverty line, taken asthe income necessary to afford a minimum nutritionallyadequate diet, plus essential non-food requirements, for ahousehold of a given size.Population, total: Mid-year population estimates for theworld, region, countries or areas. The Population Division ofthe United Nations Department of Economic and SocialAffairs updates, every two years, population estimates andprojections by incorporating new data, new estimates andnew analyses of data on population, fertility, mortality andinternational migration. Data from new population censusesand/or demographic surveys are used to verify and updateold estimates of population or demographic indicators, or tomake new ones and to check the validity of the assumptionsmade in the projections. Total population refers to theestimates and projections (medium variant) of the totalpopulation for each country region and major area. Annualgrowth rate, calculated by UN-Habitat, refers to the averageannual percentage change of population during the indicatedperiod for each country, major regions and global totals. Theformula used throughout the Annex is as follows: r = [(1/t) xln(A2/A1)] x 100, where ‘A1’ is a value at any given year; ‘A2’is a value at any given year later than the year of ‘Al’; ‘t’ is theyear interval between ‘Al’ and ‘A2’; and ‘ln’ is the naturallogarithm function.Population affected by conflicts: This refers to percentageof total population affected by armed conflicts. Armedconflict: A contested incompatibility that concerns governmentand/or territory where the use of armed force betweentwo parties, of which at least one is the government of astate, results in at least 25 battle related deaths.