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384Enhancing Urban Safety and SecurityTABLE B.13continuedRates are per 100 000 population (latest available data)ProsecutionPersons convictedstaffgrand intent homicide non-int assault rape robbery major theft automob burglary fraud embez- drug briberytotal commit attempt homicide theft theft zlement offenceGuatemala 1999 18.08 276.23 28.38 … 10.40 2.74 16.21 53.09 43.14 89.99 … … 8.23 12.14 26.26 3.32Guatemala 2000 18.74 306.97 25.91 … 13.25 4.88 16.48 80.26 46.33 109.38 … … 7.98 12.20 41.84 5.26Mexico 2001 1.98 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …Peru 2001 13.27 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …Peru 2002 14.19 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …Venezuela 1999 … 56.55 18.44 … 0.01 0.32 2.92 22.22 3.30 3.58 … … 0.24 0.00 8.21 0.05Venezuela 2000 … 17.74 6.43 … 0.01 0.04 0.57 7.52 0.59 0.63 … … 0.05 … 2.18 …NORTHERN AMERICACanada 2001 11.61 1,040.70 0.56 0.22 … 159.41 8.74 15.61 … 110.84 … 45.58 42.13 … 71.21 …Canada 2002 … 1,049.63 0.55 0.39 … 164.69 8.71 16.50 … 108.73 … 46.34 42.82 … 65.51 …OCEANIAAustralia 2002 … 77.40 2.35 … … … 8.06 10.18 … 4.16 … 11.22 5.62 … 10.25New Zealand 2001 … … 0.39 0.26 0.77 211.70 6.06 9.97 … 164.42 26.54 74.26 62.61 1.70 162.48 0.13New Zealand 2002 … … 0.61 0.33 0.74 199.82 5.43 9.55 … 155.60 25.36 71.06 60.02 1.47 150.98 0.08Papua New Guinea 1999 0.58 3.66 3.10 0.60 … 0.86 3.14 0.46 0.62 … 0.20 … 0.04 … … 0.84Papua New Guinea 2000 0.55 3.96 4.29 0.72 … 1.21 2.65 0.60 1.05 … … … 1.01 … … 0.23Sources: UNODC, 2002; UNODC, 2005
Data tables385TABLE C.1Urban Agglomerations: Population Size and Rate of ChangeEstimates Annual rate Share in urbanand Projections of change population(000) (%) (%)1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990– 1995– 2000– 2005– 2010– 1990 20151995 2000 2005 2010 2015AFRICAAlgeria El Djazaïr (Algiers) 1,908 2,295 2,754 3,200 3,576 3,924 3.69 3.65 3.00 2.22 1.86 14.49 14.86Algeria Wahran (Oran) 647 675 706 765 852 944 0.86 0.91 1.60 2.15 2.05 4.91 3.58Angola Luanda 1,568 1,953 2,322 2,766 3,303 3,904 4.39 3.46 3.50 3.55 3.34 40.08 31.23Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 594 689 771 926 1,170 1,489 2.95 2.24 3.68 4.66 4.82 50.47 36.93Cameroon Douala 931 1,155 1,432 1,761 2,076 2,350 4.30 4.30 4.14 3.29 2.48 19.63 19.69Cameroon Yaoundé 754 948 1,192 1,485 1,760 1,995 4.59 4.59 4.39 3.39 2.51 15.89 16.72Chad N’Djaména 477 579 707 888 1,097 1,374 3.88 3.99 4.56 4.24 4.51 37.85 35.08Congo Brazzaville 704 830 986 1,173 1,390 1,653 3.31 3.44 3.47 3.40 3.47 52.14 47.34Côte d’Ivoire Abidjan 2,102 2,535 3,055 3,577 4,032 4,525 3.74 3.73 3.16 2.40 2.30 41.79 42.13Dem. Republic of the Congo Kinshasa 3,644 4,397 5,042 6,049 7,526 9,304 3.76 2.74 3.64 4.37 4.24 34.69 30.92Dem. Republic of the Congo Kolwezi 712 901 1,047 1,270 1,599 1,998 4.70 3.00 3.87 4.60 4.46 6.78 6.64Dem. Republic of the Congo Lubumbashi 700 838 971 1,179 1,484 1,856 3.59 2.95 3.88 4.61 4.47 6.66 6.17Dem. Republic of the Congo Mbuji-Mayi 606 726 843 1,024 1,291 1,616 3.63 2.97 3.90 4.63 4.49 5.77 5.37Egypt Al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria) 3,063 3,277 3,506 3,770 4,109 4,518 1.35 1.35 1.45 1.72 1.90 12.66 11.30Egypt Al-Qahirah (Cairo) 9,061 9,707 10,391 11,128 12,041 13,138 1.38 1.36 1.37 1.58 1.74 37.44 32.85Ethiopia Addis Ababa 1,791 2,157 2,494 2,893 3,407 4,078 3.72 2.90 2.97 3.27 3.60 27.80 21.98Ghana Accra 1,197 1,415 1,674 1,981 2,321 2,666 3.35 3.35 3.38 3.16 2.77 21.21 18.21Ghana Kumasi 696 909 1,187 1,517 1,818 2,095 5.34 5.34 4.90 3.62 2.84 12.33 14.31Guinea Conakry 892 1,044 1,222 1,425 1,669 2,001 3.16 3.14 3.07 3.17 3.62 51.13 44.14Kenya Mombasa 476 572 686 817 974 1,181 3.65 3.65 3.49 3.53 3.85 11.16 11.09Kenya Nairobi 1,380 1,755 2,233 2,773 3,326 4,001 4.81 4.81 4.33 3.64 3.70 32.32 37.57Liberia Monrovia 535 644 776 936 1,129 1,357 3.73 3.73 3.73 3.75 3.68 55.32 47.81Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Banghazi 612 799 945 1,114 1,273 1,399 5.34 3.36 3.27 2.67 1.88 17.97 22.79Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Tarabulus (Tripoli) 1,500 1,678 1,877 2,098 2,326 2,533 2.24 2.24 2.23 2.06 1.71 44.05 41.29Madagascar Antananarivo 948 1,169 1,361 1,585 1,853 2,182 4.20 3.04 3.04 3.12 3.28 33.40 30.47Mali Bamako 746 910 1,110 1,368 1,700 2,117 3.96 3.97 4.19 4.34 4.38 35.98 32.04Morocco Dar-el-Beida (Casablanca) 2,682 2,951 3,043 3,138 3,294 3,570 1.91 0.62 0.62 0.97 1.61 22.44 15.20Morocco Fès 685 785 870 963 1,069 1,184 2.72 2.04 2.04 2.09 2.05 5.74 5.04Morocco Marrakech 578 681 755 837 931 1,032 3.26 2.07 2.07 2.12 2.07 4.84 4.40Morocco Rabat 1,174 1,379 1,507 1,647 1,808 1,991 3.22 1.77 1.77 1.87 1.93 9.83 8.48Mozambique Maputo 776 921 1,095 1,320 1,586 1,872 3.43 3.46 3.74 3.67 3.32 27.37 18.80Niger Niamey 431 542 680 850 1,049 1,308 4.55 4.55 4.45 4.23 4.41 33.12 35.21Nigeria Benin City 738 831 937 1,055 1,203 1,394 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.62 2.94 2.33 1.55Nigeria Ibadan 1,782 1,978 2,195 2,437 2,742 3,152 2.08 2.09 2.08 2.36 2.78 5.62 3.51Nigeria Kaduna 961 1,083 1,220 1,375 1,566 1,812 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.61 2.91 3.03 2.02Nigeria Kano 2,095 2,360 2,658 2,993 3,405 3,920 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.58 2.82 6.61 4.36Nigeria Lagos 4,764 6,373 8,422 10,886 13,717 16,141 5.82 5.58 5.13 4.62 3.26 15.02 17.96Nigeria Maiduguri 598 673 758 854 973 1,129 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.62 2.96 1.89 1.26Nigeria Ogbomosho 623 712 818 941 1,089 1,268 2.68 2.79 2.79 2.93 3.04 1.96 1.41Nigeria Port Harcourt 680 766 863 972 1,108 1,284 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.62 2.95 2.15 1.43Nigeria Zaria 592 667 752 847 967 1,121 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.63 2.97 1.87 1.25Rwanda Kigali 219 320 497 779 1,146 1,544 7.57 8.83 8.96 7.73 5.96 57.02 47.79Senegal Dakar 1,384 1,606 1,862 2,159 2,478 2,819 2.97 2.97 2.95 2.76 2.58 44.54 43.34Sierra Leone Freetown 532 609 698 799 924 1,098 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.91 3.44 43.29 33.02Somalia Muqdisho (Mogadishu) 945 1,080 1,189 1,320 1,545 1,855 2.67 1.92 2.09 3.16 3.65 47.74 42.20South Africa Cape Town 2,155 2,394 2,715 3,083 3,316 3,401 2.10 2.52 2.54 1.45 0.51 11.23 11.07South Africa Durban 1,723 2,081 2,370 2,631 2,804 2,876 3.77 2.60 2.10 1.27 0.51 8.98 9.36South Africa Ekurhuleni (East Rand) 1,531 1,894 2,326 2,817 3,118 3,212 4.26 4.11 3.83 2.03 0.59 7.98 10.46South Africa Johannesburg 1,898 2,265 2,732 3,254 3,574 3,674 3.53 3.75 3.50 1.87 0.56 9.89 11.96South Africa Port Elizabeth 828 911 958 999 1,040 1,070 1.93 1.00 0.84 0.79 0.57 4.31 3.48South Africa Pretoria 911 951 1,084 1,271 1,392 1,439 0.85 2.61 3.19 1.81 0.67 4.75 4.68South Africa Vereeniging 743 800 897 1,027 1,113 1,150 1.48 2.30 2.69 1.61 0.67 3.87 3.74Sudan Al-Khartum (Khartoum) 2,360 3,242 3,949 4,518 5,178 6,022 6.35 3.95 2.69 2.73 3.02 34.02 27.71Togo Lomé 622 810 1,053 1,337 1,639 1,969 5.27 5.26 4.76 4.08 3.67 52.18 52.88Uganda Kampala 755 912 1,097 1,319 1,612 2,054 3.79 3.68 3.69 4.02 4.84 38.38 33.87United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam 1,316 1,668 2,116 2,676 3,260 3,831 4.75 4.75 4.70 3.95 3.23 26.56 29.07Zambia Lusaka 757 902 1,073 1,260 1,408 1,564 3.49 3.49 3.20 2.23 2.10 22.95 30.53Zimbabwe Harare 1,047 1,255 1,379 1,515 1,650 1,788 3.62 1.89 1.87 1.71 1.61 34.20 31.64ASIAAfghanistan Kabul 1,432 1,616 1,963 2,994 3,753 4,666 2.41 3.90 8.44 4.52 4.35 53.59 41.67Armenia Yerevan 1,175 1,142 1,111 1,103 1,102 1,102 -0.55 -0.55 -0.15 -0.01 -0.00 49.12 57.89Azerbaijan Baku 1,733 1,766 1,803 1,856 1,910 1,977 0.37 0.42 0.58 0.57 0.69 44.74 41.21Bangladesh Chittagong 2,023 2,565 3,271 4,114 4,914 5,707 4.75 4.86 4.59 3.55 2.99 9.84 11.36Bangladesh Dhaka 6,526 8,217 10,159 12,430 14,625 16,842 4.61 4.24 4.03 3.25 2.82 31.73 33.53Bangladesh Khulna 900 1,066 1,264 1,494 1,754 2,048 3.40 3.40 3.35 3.21 3.09 4.37 4.08Bangladesh Rajshahi 484 576 668 775 907 1,062 3.50 2.95 2.99 3.14 3.17 2.35 2.12Cambodia Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) 594 836 1,160 1,364 1,664 2,057 6.84 6.55 3.25 3.98 4.24 48.40 46.19China Anshan, Liaoning 1,442 1,496 1,552 1,611 1,704 1,864 0.74 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.81 0.46 0.27China Anshun 658 709 763 822 896 992 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.71 2.04 0.21 0.15China Anyang 617 686 763 849 948 1,057 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.20 2.17 0.20 0.15China Baoding 595 728 890 1,042 1,206 1,356 4.03 4.03 3.15 2.92 2.35 0.19 0.20China Baotou 1,229 1,426 1,655 1,920 2,210 2,473 2.97 2.98 2.97 2.81 2.26 0.39 0.36China Beijing 7,362 8,486 9,782 10,717 11,741 12,850 2.84 2.84 1.83 1.83 1.81 2.33 1.87China Bengbu 695 748 805 867 944 1,045 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.70 2.03 0.22 0.15China Benxi 938 958 979 1,000 1,046 1,144 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.90 1.79 0.30 0.17China Changchun 2,192 2,446 2,730 3,046 3,400 3,765 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.04 0.69 0.55China Changde 1,180 1,258 1,341 1,429 1,543 1,700 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.54 1.93 0.37 0.25
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETYAND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTIONEnhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe preparation of
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xEnhancing Urban Safety and Securit
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xiiEnhancing Urban Safety and Secur
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xivEnhancing Urban Safety and Secur
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xviEnhancing Urban Safety and Secur
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xviiiEnhancing Urban Safety and Sec
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES ANDTABLESFIG
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xxiiEnhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xxivEnhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xxviEnhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xxviiiEnhancing Urban Safety and Se
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xxxEnhancing Urban Safety and Secur
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4Understanding Urban Safety and Sec
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1CHAPTERCURRENT THREATS TO URBANSAF
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Current threats to urban safety and
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2CHAPTERVULNERABILITY, RISK ANDRESI
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Vulnerability, risk and resilience:
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46Urban crime and violenceBox II.1
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48Urban crime and violenceit has mu
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50Urban crime and violenceFormal an
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52Urban crime and violenceContact c
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54Urban crime and violencePer 100,0
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56Urban crime and violenceBurglary
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58Urban crime and violencePercentag
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60Urban crime and violenceFigure 3.
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62Urban crime and violenceTable 3.3
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64Urban crime and violenceYouth gan
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68Urban crime and violenceType of v
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70Urban crime and violenceFrom a pl
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72Urban crime and violenceOne viole
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74Urban crime and violenceHigh homi
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76Urban crime and violenceAbused ch
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78Urban crime and violenceGenerally
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82Urban crime and violenceporate cr
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4CHAPTERURBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE:PO
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86Urban crime and violenceUN-Habita
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88Urban crime and violenceBox 4.2 T
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90Urban crime and violenceBox 4.4 T
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92Urban crime and violenceLegislati
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94Urban crime and violenceabove wha
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96Urban crime and violenceCampaigns
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98Urban crime and violenceAvailable
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100Urban crime and violenceBox 4.7
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102Urban crime and violenceIn some
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104Urban crime and violenceInitiati
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106Urban crime and violenceThe most
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108Urban crime and violenceVandersc
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112Security of tenureBox III.1 Secu
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5CHAPTERSECURITY OF TENURE:CONDITIO
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116Security of tenureTable 5.1A gen
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118Security of tenureFully legalDeg
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120Security of tenureBox 5.4 Securi
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122Security of tenureUrban tenurein
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124Security of tenureAt least 2 mil
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126Security of tenureMarket-basedev
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128Security of tenureBox 5.11 Urban
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130Security of tenureOperationMuram
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132Security of tenureControl of lan
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134Security of tenureBox 5.18 Secur
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136Security of tenureNOTES1 Habitat
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138Security of tenureBox 6.1 The Mi
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140Security of tenureIt would be fo
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142Security of tenureBox 6.7 Land t
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144Security of tenureBox 6.10 What
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146Security of tenureBox 6.12 Evict
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148Security of tenureBox 6.15 Const
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150Security of tenureBox 6.18 Viola
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152Security of tenureThe GlobalCamp
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154Security of tenureBox 6.24 Land-
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156Security of tenureThe state is o
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158Security of tenureHousing rights
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Over the last three decades, natura
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Introduction165One of the key trend
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7CHAPTERDISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS,T
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Disaster risk: Conditions, trends a
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8CHAPTERPOLICY RESPONSES TODISASTER
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Policy responses to disaster risk19
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220Natural and human-made disasters
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236Towards safer and more secure ci
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11CHAPTERENHANCING TENURE SECURITYA
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276Enhancing Urban Safety and Secur
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12CHAPTERMITIGATING THE IMPACTS OFD
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304Summary of case studiesSince its
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306Summary of case studies• The e
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308Summary of case studiestions wit
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310Summary of case studiesenvironme
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312Summary of case studiesothers. O
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314Summary of case studiespurposes.
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316Summary of case studiesThese eff
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318Summary of case studiesdevelopme
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320Summary of case studiestion exer
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322Summary of case studiesHousing r
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324Summary of case studiesProlonged
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326Summary of case studiesmomentum
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330Statistical annexIslands, Micron
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332Statistical annexNOMENCLATURE AN
Page 368 and 369: 334Statistical annexPopulation, urb
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Index435security of tenure 134confl
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Index437domestic abuse see intimate
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Index439hazard management 169hazard
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Index441Kosovo, security of tenure
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Index443participation 38, 296-299pa
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Index445individual 34-35municipal f
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Index447gun ownership 78Homeless Pe
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