416Enhancing Urban Safety and SecurityWhat Works, What Doesn’t, What’s Promising,National Institute <strong>of</strong> Justice Research, Department <strong>of</strong>Justice, Washington, DCEck, J. E. and J. Wartell (1996) Reducing Crime and DrugDealing by Improving Place Management: ARandomized Experiment, Report to <strong>the</strong> San DiegoPolice Department, Crime Control Institute,Washington, DCECLAC (<strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> Economic Commission for LatinAmerica and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean) (2004) Grenada, MacroSocio-Economic Assessment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Damages Caused byHurricane Ivan, www.eclac.cl/port<strong>of</strong>spain/noticias/noticias/7/19587/gndreport3%20rev.pdfEisner, M. (2003) ‘Long-term historical trends in violentcrime’, Crime and Justice: A Review <strong>of</strong> Research 30:83–142Ekblom, P. 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Loayza (2002)‘Inequality and violent crime’, Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Law</strong> andEconomics 45: 1–40FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>United</strong><strong>Nations</strong>) (2005) Access to Rural Land and LandAdministration after Violent Conflicts, FAO LandTenure Studies 8, FAO, RomeFAO, Norwegian Refugee Council, Office for <strong>the</strong>Coordination <strong>of</strong> Humanitarian Affairs, Office <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> High Commissioner for HumanRights, UN-Habitat, Office <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> HighCommissioner for Refugees (2007) Housing andProperty Restitution for Refugees and DisplacedPersons. Implementing <strong>the</strong> ‘Pinheiro Principles’,International Training Centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ILO, Turin, ItalyFarrington, D. P. and B. C. 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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETYAND SECURITY
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INTRODUCTIONEnhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe preparation of
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4Understanding Urban Safety and Sec
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1CHAPTERCURRENT THREATS TO URBANSAF
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Current threats to urban safety and
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46Urban crime and violenceBox II.1
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48Urban crime and violenceit has mu
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68Urban crime and violenceType of v
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102Urban crime and violenceIn some
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118Security of tenureFully legalDeg
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122Security of tenureUrban tenurein
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124Security of tenureAt least 2 mil
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128Security of tenureBox 5.11 Urban
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142Security of tenureBox 6.7 Land t
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158Security of tenureHousing rights
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7CHAPTERDISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS,T
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220Natural and human-made disasters
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222Natural and human-made disasters
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224Natural and human-made disasters
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226Natural and human-made disasters
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230Natural and human-made disasters
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232Natural and human-made disasters
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236Towards safer and more secure ci
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12CHAPTERMITIGATING THE IMPACTS OFD
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280Towards safer and more secure ci
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304Summary of case studiesSince its
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306Summary of case studies• The e
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308Summary of case studiestions wit
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310Summary of case studiesenvironme
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312Summary of case studiesothers. O
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314Summary of case studiespurposes.
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316Summary of case studiesThese eff
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318Summary of case studiesdevelopme
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320Summary of case studiestion exer
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322Summary of case studiesHousing r
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324Summary of case studiesProlonged
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326Summary of case studiesmomentum
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330Statistical annexIslands, Micron
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332Statistical annexNOMENCLATURE AN
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334Statistical annexPopulation, urb
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336Statistical annexSOURCES OF DATA
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- Page 471 and 472: Index437domestic abuse see intimate
- Page 473 and 474: Index439hazard management 169hazard
- Page 475 and 476: Index441Kosovo, security of tenure
- Page 477 and 478: Index443participation 38, 296-299pa
- Page 479 and 480: Index445individual 34-35municipal f
- Page 481 and 482: Index447gun ownership 78Homeless Pe