Revitalization of Rivers in India Draft Policy - Isha Guru Jaggi Vasudev

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Revitalization of Rivers In India Draft Policy Recommendation What is desirable at the national level is a holistic policy framework, focusing on river basin management that combines not only abatement of pollution and conservation but also ensures sustainable livelihoods for the riverine communities. Dying rivers are only going to aggravate the water security issues this explosion of population will cause. FIFTH KNOT – POLLUTION AND OTHER FORMS OF RIVER EXPLOITATION When one talks about river revitalization, most people focus on the pollution of rivers. It is true that pollution is one the major reasons why life in and around rivers are perishing. Based on the long term assessment of water quality data, 275 rivers out of 445 rivers monitored under National Water Monitoring Programme are identified as polluted. 53 The sources of pollution to a river are: domestic sewage from urban and rural areas, non-sewage drainages, wastewater from agricultural facilities, and industrial wastewater / effluents. Wastewater generation is proportional to the amount of water consumed. Out of the total freshwater used in India, irrigation accounts for nearly 78%, followed FIGURE 3: USE OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER OVER THE YEARS Thousand Tonnes 30000 25000 20000 10000 5000 0 1950-51 1955-56 1960-61 1965-66 1970-71 1975-76 1980-81 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Year 61
Revitalization of Rivers In India Draft Policy Recommendation by domestic use 6%, industries 5%, power development 3%, and other activities including evaporation losses, environment and navigational requirements around 8%. 54 Agricultural runoff: Only 0.3% (528,171 hectares out of 159.7 million hectares) of agricultural land in India is under organic farming. The remaining land is mostly under inorganic farming. The consumption of inorganic fertilizers has only increased over these years from 65,000 tons in 1950 to 24,485 thousand tons in 2014. 55 There is no quantification of what happens to the runoff of the residual fertilizers from the land into the water bodies – rivers or other surface or groundwater bodies. Also the use of pesticides has become ubiquitous, and the pollution from runoff of pesticide will only add to the pollutant load in the water. The agricultural runoff water, though not technically wastewater, has large proportions of agro-chemicals, adding to the toxic load in water. Urban Sewage: Domestic sewage is one of the most obvious and visible forms of pollution to rivers. Urban settlements in India contribute 61,754 MLD of which 38,791 MLD goes untreated, while the cumulative sewage treatment capacity of the nation is 22,963 MLD. According to Central Pollution Control Board, the untreated 38,791 MLD goes directly into water bodies - rivers or ponds or lakes. The five states viz Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi and Gujarat account for approximately 50% of the total sewage generated in the country. Maharashtra alone accounts for 13% of the total sewage generation in the country. 56 (Refer Annexure 2) Industrial effluents: With respect to industrial pollution, according to CPCB’s 2009 data, only 60% of industrial wastewater, from mostly large-scale industries, is treated. This also runs off into freshwater bodies like rivers, lakes and ponds. Typically, the constituents of wastewater are organic and inorganic chemicals, bacteria and other microorganisms (some of which may be pathogenic), fats, oils and grease, etc. The organic and inorganic materials 62
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REVITALIZATION OF RIVERS IN INDIA D
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Preface Nadi Stuti Bharatam Mahabha
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Preface My engagement with mountain
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has driven our farmers to a corner
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REVITALIZATION OF RIVERS IN INDIA D
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Revitalization of Rivers in India Draft Policy - Isha Guru Jaggi Vasudev

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