ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031 was granted full release and was described to be superior in yield and an excellent complement to the other two released varieties (Nyankhombo and Tupatupa). The two pearl millet hybrids were not considered favorably due to the inadequacy of the seed system to handle hybrid seed production. Current efforts will target on farm testing to generate data to facilitate full release of the two sorghum varieties Sima and SV2 MA Mgonja and S Kudita Activity A4.3: Develop and use alternative seed delivery models to efficiently disseminate improved sorghum and millet cultivars for adoption Milestone A4.3.1: At least 3 NARS are annually availed with sorghum and millet basic seed for further multiplication 2007-2010 Sorghum and pearl millet basic seed: The pearl millet variety ICMV 221 has been released in three ECA countries-Kenya, Uganda and Eritrea. 20 kg breeder seed of pearl millet variety ICMV 221 were sent to Uganda through the DANIDA program for multiplication. The seeds were multiplied and distributed to farmers in northern Uganda. The NARS in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique have also been supplied with basic seed for sorghum and pearl millet to the tune of 10-100kgs for further multiplication and use in the Challenge Program on Water for Food Project 1 on integrated crop varieties with soil fertility and water management to increase productivity and profitability for the Limpopo basin. Seed production was done mainly in Zimbabwe and the land areas involved were for Sorghum variety Macia (2.2ha), Sima (0.32ha); and Pearl millet variety PMV3 (0.32). Others included sorghum varieties SV3, SV4 and Chokwe; pearl millet varieties OK 1, PMV2, Kuphanjala 1, Kuphanjala 2 and Changara in relatively smaller quantities. MA Mgonja and Sakile Kudita Milestone A4.3.2: At least 6 NARS are availed with improved germplasm and participate in regional cultivar evaluation annually from 2007 ICRISAT in collaboration with ECARSAM has re-instituted regional cultivar evaluation as a platform for germplasm exchange, improve efficiency in identification of suitable varieties with broader adaptability and sharing data to support cultivar releases. The regional trials are composed based on agreed breeding zones and end use targets. Table: Sorghum and Millets Regional trials Composed and Distributed - 2006/07 Country Crop Organization Trial name No. of varieties No. of samples Category Tanzania Sorghum DARD Regional sorghum hybrid trial 26 106 Varieties/ Advanced breeding lines Sorghum Photoperiod 10 Trial Mozambique ,, Research Sorghum Photoperiod Trial 10 20 Varieties/ landraces Malawi ,, ICRISAT Regional sorghum hybrid 16 48 Breeder (hybrids) trial Mali ,, ICRISAT Sorghum Photoperiod Trial 7 7 Varieties/ landraces Tanzania Finger DARD Regional finger millet trial 16 96 Germplasm/varieties millet Malawi ,, ICRISAT Regional finger millet trial 16 48 Germplasm/varieties Kenya Pearl KARI-Embu Regional pearl millet trial 16 48 Varieties millet South Africa ,, Research Regional pearl millet trial 16 48 Varieties Tanzania ,, DARD Regional pearl millet trial 16 96 ,, Namibia ,, Ministry of Agric., Water and Forestry Regional pearl millet trial 16 48 ,, 108
Sorghum and Millet Variety evaluation, release and seed multiplication in Eritrea: ICRISAT’s research collaboration in Eritrea started in earnest in 1995 when over 600 sorghum and 98 pearl millet lines were introduced from ICRISAT-Nairobi and evaluated at Shambuko (western lowlands), Halhale (mid-highlands) and Shieb (eastern lowlands). On-farm testing of farmer selections from these trials began in 1997 and one pearl millet variety [ICMV 221(Kona)], 5 sorghum varieties [ICSV 210 (Bushuka) and PP 290 (Shambuko) for western lowlands; 89 MW 5003 (Laba) and 89 MW 89 5056 for eastern lowlands; IS 29415(Shiketi) for mid-highlands] were released in the year 2000. During the 2004/05 season the Ministry of Agriculture and NARI produced: 163 t of PP 290, 63 t of ICSV 210, 119 t of Gadam Hamam, 15.8 t of ICMV 221 and 6.6 t of Hagaz. All of this seed was distributed to farmers in the western lowlands in 2005. In the western lowlands, 57 farmers had been contracted to produce seed and were growing over 110 ha of sorghum variety ICSV 111 IN. One farmer by the name Ato Mebrahtu Asfaha grows 2000 ha of both seed and grain sorghum under irrigation at Tesseney. Farmers in Eritrea have adopted released varieties and a number of new lines are being multiplied in readiness for release and distribution to farmers during the 2006/07 season. With these new varieties, farmers are now achieving grain yields of over 1.5 t/ha compared to 0.8 t/ha from local varieties In the mid-highlands of Eritrea, IESV 92029 DL (bred at ICRISAT-Nairobi) has been earmarked for release and over 7 ha were under seed crop at Halhale. In the western lowlands, ICSV 111 IN has been earmarked for release and over 110 ha were under seed crop at Shambuko. The ICRISAT ESA breeding program have plans to carry out a Sorghum and millets adoption and impact study in Eritrea during the 2007 season. MA Mgonja, B Mitaru and E Manyasa Activity A4.3: Develop and use alternative seed delivery models to efficiently disseminate improved sorghum and millet cultivars for adoption Milestone: A4.3.3: Business plans developed for establishment of Seed Enterprise Enhancement and Development Services [SEEDS] in at least three countries of ESA by 2007 Seed Enterprise Enhancement and Development Services: Farmers in many countries in Africa are unable to obtain high quality seed of improved publicly developed varieties due to a lack of effective commercial seed production distribution networks. There is a need to facilitate the introduction of both commercial and publicly developed varieties through distribution networks in a sustainable manner. This will expand farmers’ selection and allow them to choose what best suits their requirements. The African Seed Trade Association (AFSTA) and the ICRISAT program for the Sustainable Commercialization of Seeds in Africa (SCOSA) have proposed the establishment of Seed Enterprise Enhancement and Development Services (SEEDS) to support the development of small and medium-sized seed companies. These will include independently run and financially sustainable foundation seed enterprises (FSEs) that will market foundation seed of publicly developed varieties for use by seed companies without their own breeding programs. They will also provide access to seed storage and processing facilities to existing and emerging seed entrepreneurs. SEEDS will provide technical and business development support to seed entrepreneurs who will become the customers of the FSEs, ensuring their sustainability. In 2006 national teams from Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Angola were trained in business plan development and then supported to hold national consultation meetings needed to solicit input into their respective business plans. An Excel template was developed to assist in the preparation of financial projections, and these will be used to solicit for funding from interested development investors in 2007. RB Jones 109
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
Page 62 and 63: Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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Page 70 and 71: Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
Page 72 and 73: Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Page 76 and 77: in both groups. Among the genotypes
Page 78 and 79: The genotyping of reference collect
Page 80 and 81: Output target C.9: Broadening the g
Page 82 and 83: Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
Page 84 and 85: Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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Page 90 and 91: during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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Page 96 and 97: To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
Page 98 and 99: Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
Page 100 and 101: Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
Page 102 and 103: Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
Page 108 and 109: Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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Page 114 and 115: Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Page 124 and 125: Output Target B5: New backcross pop
Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 130 and 131: Project 5 Producing more and better
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
Page 134 and 135: SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
Page 136 and 137: Grain mold resistance in selections
Page 138 and 139: complete block design with three re
Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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