ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

Output Targets A6: High yielding farmer and market-acceptable groundnut varieties developed
Activity A6.1: Identify through PPB and introgress groundnut germplasm for yield components
farmer/market preferences and adaptation with special reference to incorporation of drought tolerance in
short duration Spanish types with fresh seed dormancy
Milestones A6.1.1: At least 3 farmer/market preferred varieties incorporating drought tolerance in short duration
background? released in 2–3 ESA countries (2010 )
Breeding material incorporating Adaptation Traits: Groundnut breeding in ESA is targeting the following traits
for adaptation, farmer and market preferences
1. Fresh seed dormancy in short duration varieties
2. Large seeds in short duration varieties
3. Large seeds and high yield in medium to long duration varieties
4. Grading qualities as measured retention above sieve 19 compared to CG 7 and Chalimbana.
Fresh seed dormancy is essential among early maturing varieties of groundnut to avoid sprouting in field. Advance
progenies with fresh seed dormancy from the segregating nurseries. Eight progenies from 4 rosette nurseries were
identified. It was interesting to note that fresh seed dormancy was not found among the Dormancy and Rosette
resistance - F7s in spite of the fact that the nursery originated from crosses involving parents with fresh seed
dormancy. This finding will need further investigation.
Elite Short Duration Drought Tolerance and Dormancy Trial: the best two entries were ICGV-SM 98511 and ICGV-
SM 86021 with grain yields 102 – 115% of JL 24 (1.7 – 2.0 t ha -1 ). None of the entries were better than ICGV-SM
99568 (2.2 t ha -1 ) which is both early maturing and resistant to rosette. However the rainfall in Southern Malawi
(Drought screening site) was higher than normal during the season, providing a good opportunity for fresh seed
dormancy screening. Sprouting was not a problem at this site – indicative of acceptable levels of fresh seed
dormancy
Elite Drought Resistant Groundnut Variety Trial: ICGV-SM 03535, ICGV-SM 03521, ICGV-SM 03502 and ICGV-
SM 03510 had grain yields ranging from 2.4 t ha -1 to 3.3 t ha -1 (153–208% superior in yield as compared to the
standard check JL24).
Large seeded germplasm and grading qualities are highly sought after in the groundnut confectionary market. From
the Short duration large seeded nursery, the best three lines were ICGV-SM 00528, ICGV 94536 and ICGV-SM
00503 with yields 111 – 148% of the standard check JL 24 but acceptable confectionary size nuts. From the Elite
High Yield and Quality Groundnut Variety Trial (Spanish), four lines ICGV-SM 03552, ICGV-SM 03564, ICGV-
SM 03573 and ICGV-SM 03576 had grading qualities and yield similar or better than the newly released variety
ICGV-SM 99568. Yield was 2.6 t ha -1 as compared to 1.9 t ha -1 for ICGV-SM 99568 and are resistant to rosette
disease.
From the Elite High Yield and Quality Groundnut Variety Trial (Virginia), ICGV-SM 01721 was identified with
100 seed grain weight significantly higher than CG 7 but the yield was only 93% that achieved from CG 7. Four
lines with grading qualities and yield similar to CG 7 and Chalimbana with combined advantage of rosette resistance
were identified. These are ICGV-SM 02707, ICGV-SM 02715, ICGV-SM 02724, and ICGV-SM 01731. All these
lines had grain yields significantly higher than that of the check Chalimbana.
New Variety Release(s)
ICGV-SM 99568 for the rosette constraint in Malawi under the local name Chitala, and ICGV 94297 in Zimbabwe
under the local name Ilanda.
ES Monyo
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