ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Output target A.4: Germplasm accessions regenerated for conservation and distribution (2009) Activity A.4.1: Regenerate critical accessions of staple crops germplasm Milestone: A.4.1.1: Germplasm accessions of staple crops germplasm with low seed stock/viability regenerated (HDU, Annual) In the 2006 postrainy season, 2268 accessions of sorghum were grown for regeneration. This includes, 128 accessions for diversity, 632 critical accessions for conservation as active collection and distribution and 1466 accessions for long-term conservation. For pearl millet, a total of 887 accessions were planted in the post rainy season for long-term conservation (806 accessions) and medium-term conservation (81 accessions). In pigeonpea, planted a total of 922 accessions during the rainy season for long-term conservation (599 accessions) and medium-term conservation (323 accessions). In addition, we also planted a set of 146 mini core accessions of pigeonpea for conservation and utilization. In groundnut, during the rainy season, we planted for regeneration of global mini core (184 accessions), Asia mini core (60 accessions), and critical accessions of groundnut (209 accessions) for medium-term conservation and utilization. During the post-rainy season, a total of 1671 accessions of groundnut were planted for long-term conservation (1308 accessions) and medium-term conservation (363 accessions). In chickpea 2139 accessions were regenerated. A total of 374 critical accessions representing chickpea (68), pigeonpea (12), groundnut (283 including 110 wild relatives), and small millets (12) were regenerated in the glasshouse and special facilities. HD Upadhyaya The global pearl millet core collection (504 accessions and four control cultivars) was grown in a replicated trial at the ICRISAT Sahelian Center near Niamey, Niger, in the rainy Season 2006. Ms Jenny Coral Padilla, MSc student from University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, was involved in the characterization. Data analysis and MSc thesis write-up are underway. BIG Haussmann Milestone: A.4.1.2: Seed viability and health of new and regenerated germplasm tested and viability of conserved germplasm monitored (HDU/RPT-PQL, Annual) During 2006, we tested the seed viability of 7032 accessions. This included 2416 (pearl millet-981; chickpea- 635; pigeonpea-376; and groundnut-424) accessions processed as active collection and 1452 (pearl millet-787; chickpea-418; and pigeonpea-247) accessions processed as base collection. Germplasm seed samples with viability above 85% were processed as base collection. The mean seed viability of germplasm ranged between 86.6 for groundnut and 99.0% for chickpea. For safety back up, we prepared a set of 1470 groundnut accessions harvested from a special regeneration (2005 rainy season). The seed viability in this material ranged between 92-100% with mean 99.9 %. For monitoring seed viability of conserved germplasm, we tested the seed viability of a total of 3146 (sorghum-2264 and chickpea- 882) accessions conserved as active collection for different periods. The viability ranged between 56 and 100% with a mean of 95.6% in chickpea and between 71 and 100% with a mean of 95.7% in sorghum. Similarly, 1396 accessions of groundnut base collection for more than 10 years in storage were monitored and the viability ranged between 46 and 100% with a mean of 94.0 %. This exercise has resulted in the identification of 47 accessions of chickpea and 11 accessions of sorghum from active collection and 69 accessions of groundnut from base collection as critical for regeneration during 2007. HD Upadhyaya and RP Thakur Seed health testing of germplasm accessions for the medium- and long- term storage in the genebank: A systematic seed health testing of germplasm is critical for their medium- and long-term conservation without affecting seed viability by seedborne pathogens. A total of 646 germplasm accessions (sorghum 546, chickpea 100) from the medium term storage of the genebank were evaluated for their seed health status using the standard blotter method. Only 19 off 646 accessions were free from seedborne pathogens (sorghum 10 and chickpea 9). We detected 21 fungi in sorghum and 11 in chickpea. Major fungi detected both in sorghum and chickpea were species of Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Fusarium, while species of Phoma, Curvularia and Bipolaris were specific to sorghum. These seedborne fungi affected seed viability up to 5% in sorghum and 4.2% in chickpea. RP Thakur and HD Upadhyaya 46
Milestone: A.4.1.3: Germplasm samples processed to for medium- and long-term conservation (HDU, Annual) A total of 2746 freshly harvested germplasm seed samples of different crops have been transferred to the cold rooms following standard protocols. This included, 1597 (sorghum 330, pearl millet 194, chickpea 217, pigeonpea 129, groundnut 727) accessions as active collection and 1452 (pearl millet 787, chickpea 418 and pigeonpea 247) accessions as base collection. With this addition the total number of accessions as base collection increased to 99,927 accessions representing 85.6% of total collection. Processing of sorghum and groundnut germplasm sets from the 2005-2006 postrainy season is in progress. HD Upadhyaya Activity A.4.2: Establish safety back up collections of staple crops Milestone: A.4.2.1: Facilities identified for back up safety storage of germplasm collections in collaboration with partners and samples processed for safety backup (HDU/CLLG, Annual) During this year, 1800 chickpea germplasm accessions were transferred as ‘Black box’ collection for safety back up at ICARDA genebank, Syria. Seed samples of 1677 accessions consisting groundnut (1478 accessions) and pigeonpea (199 accessions) were prepared following standard protocols. HD Upadhyaya and CLL Gowda Output target A.5: Germplasm databases updated for utilization (2009) Activity A.5.1: Update databases of staple crops germplasm Milestone A.5.1.1: Gaps in germplasm characterization data filled for chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut (HDU/CLLG/Scientists - Crop Improvement, 2008) Gaps in germplasm characterization data was updated for 1233 accessions for days to 50% flowering and plant pigmentation in chickpea, for 261 to 6540 accessions for 37 traits in pigeonpea, and for 20 to 3509 accessions for 16 descriptors in groundnut. Updated characterization databases for 1793 newly assembled accessions in chickpea, 296 accessions in pigeonpea, and 50 accessions in groundnut for the respective crop species descriptors. HD Upadhyaya and CLL Gowda Milestone A.5.1.2: Passport and characterization databases of sorghum and pearl millet germplasm updated (HDU, 2009) Updated gaps in germplasm characterization databases for 10 to 3674 accessions in 24 traits in pearl millets, and for 47 to 614 accessions in 20 traits in sorghum Updated characterization databases for 120 newly assembled accessions in sorghum, and 320 accessions in pearl millet for all crop species descriptors. Updating of passport data of sorghum and germplasm databases is in progress. HD Upadhyaya and CLL Gowda Milestone A.5.1.3: Germplasm databases of staple crops updated to SINGER format (HDU, 2009) Databases are being checked and updated for completeness of data for SINGER format HD Upadhyaya Output target A.6: Germplasm of staple crops assembled and conserved for utilization at Regional Genebanks in Africa (2010) Activity A.6.1: Identify sorghum collection gaps, collect and conserve new germplasm from identified priority areas in the eastern and southern Africa (ESA) Milestone A.6.1.1: Gaps in sorghum germplasm collection identified, germplasm collected from at least 3 ESA countries and conserved (MAM/SGM, 2008) 47
Page 2 and 3: © International Crops Research Ins
Page 4 and 5: Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
Page 6 and 7: In April 2005 and again in August 2
Page 8 and 9: Handling new districts: Since 1970,
Page 10 and 11: food security for their families. E
Page 12 and 13: This PRA was followed by a structur
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Page 16 and 17: The study hypothesizes that demand
Page 18 and 19: Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 20 and 21: Objectives: Identify production and
Page 22 and 23: Research, practice and coalition bu
Page 24 and 25: initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
Page 26 and 27: Based on the recommendation of the
Page 28 and 29: Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 30 and 31: social capital in the nexus of tech
Page 32 and 33: Scaling out of agricultural technol
Page 34 and 35: These economic research results hav
Page 36 and 37: due to population pressure and sub-
Page 38 and 39: Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
Page 40 and 41: in the rural Indian diet over the p
Page 42 and 43: analysis of the sources of risk, ef
Page 44 and 45: problems that would otherwise invol
Page 46 and 47: Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
Page 48 and 49: environment two entries (2130 - 232
Page 52 and 53: Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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Page 58 and 59: Output target C.1: Core and mini co
Page 60 and 61: Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
Page 62 and 63: Table 5. Number of missing data, al
Page 64 and 65: analyses showed a strong genetic st
Page 66 and 67: Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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Page 70 and 71: Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
Page 72 and 73: Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Page 76 and 77: in both groups. Among the genotypes
Page 78 and 79: The genotyping of reference collect
Page 80 and 81: Output target C.9: Broadening the g
Page 82 and 83: Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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