ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Milestones contributing to Output 9A in 2006 9A.1 Tools for assessing and managing climate variability, Eastern and Southern Africa KPC Rao In general, agricultural research treats climate as static by targeting the recommendations to the mean annual rainfall. Though mean annual or seasonal rainfall is a valuable statistic in planning various operations, it does not take into account the dynamic nature of climate. Several researchers have suggested that the more appropriate index for agricultural purposes is the “probability of occurrence” of a given amount of rainfall. The probability information can be derived easily from an analysis of the frequency distribution of annual rainfall but requires longterm observed data. The analysis carried out using historical climate data for 20 locations in Machakos and Makueni districts of Kenya has suggested that minimum of 25 or more years data is required to capture the long-term trends in rainfall fairly well (Figure 9A.4). 120 100 Probability (%) 80 60 40 10 years 15 years 20 years 25 years 30 years 35 years 40 years 45 yeasr 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Rainfall (mm) Figure 9A.4: Relationship between probability distribution of annual rainfall and number of years of observed data Most trials involving development and testing of agricultural technologies are normally conducted over 3 or 5 seasons. In case of rainfed farming the same is not sufficient to capture the effect of high variability associated with the amount and distribution of rainfall and the results can under or over estimate the treatment effects depending on the seasonal conditions that prevailed during the test period. Analysis of the data from a trial conducted at Katumani over 20 crop seasons showed considerable variation in runoff and maize yield. Under such conditions three and five year averages, could lead to relatively large errors in the assessments. For example three season average runoff can be estimated either as 42 mm or 159 mm depending on the period during which the trial was conducted (Table 9A.2). Crop simulation models provide an opportunity to better characterize the effects of variable climate if longterm climatic data is available. 320
Table 9A.2: Variation in runoff and maize yield due to variability in seasonal rainfall Period Seasonal Maize yield (kg/ha) under No of Runoff (mm) rainfall low input seasons (mm) Observed Simulated Observed Simulated 1997 LR to 1998 LR 3 548 159 159 1200 978 1994 SR to 1996 SR 3 230 42 44 550 610 1997 LR to 1999 LR 5 393 99 101 794 672 1994 SR to 1996 SR 5 282 72 62 774 760 1990 LR to 1999 SR 20 329 70 76 963 758 All available 94 299 25 825 Table 9A.3: Deviation in mean annual, short and long rain season rainfall from MARKSIM simulated data. Deviation of observed Altitude (m) rainfall from predicted (%) NO STATION NAME Actual Derived Difference Years of Observed data Annual Short Rains Long Rains 1 KANGUNDO KITHIMANI D.O'S OFFICE 1280 1280 0 46 -16.8 -23.6 -19.9 2 KATUMANI EXP. RES. STATION. 1600 1828 -228 46 -117.9 -143.7 -114.1 3 MAKINDU MET. STATION 1000 1005 -5 46 4.7 2.5 7.4 4 KIBWEZI, DWA PLANTATION LTD. 914 944 -30 46 12.8 4.0 8.8 5 MACHAKOS,MATILIKU HEALTH CENTRE 1097 1097 0 42 -16.8 -33.2 -10.7 6 MAKUENI UNOA HILL 1204 1158 46 43 12.8 4.0 8.8 7 NTHANGU FOREST STATION 1494 1280 214 43 0.6 11.1 -8.6 8 AIMI MA KILUNGU LTD. 1778 1645 133 42 -3.1 17.6 -20.2 9 MBOONI CHIEF'S OFFICE 1791 1402 389 42 -5.8 -2.0 -15.3 10 MACHAKOS MATUNGULU 1524 1280 244 42 16.2 19.3 5.8 11 B&T MALINDA RANCH, LUKENYA 1524 1584 -60 35 -2.4 -23.4 -14.4 12 KIBOKO TSETSE STATION 975 914 61 46 8.4 -5.3 28.7 13 MWALA LOCATIONAL CENTRE 1250 1280 -30 34 0.6 -17.2 3.7 14 MUTHETHENI CHIEF'S OFFICE 1372 1280 92 31 -46.4 -54.6 -46.0 15 WAMUNYU CHIEF'S OFFICE 1219 1280 -61 31 -17.2 -16.4 -34.1 16 MASII CHIEF'S OFFICE 1341 1280 61 31 -53.5 -46.8 -74.9 17 MACHAKOS F.T.C. 1573 1828 -255 26 -109.2 -138.5 -94.6 18 KATHEKANI RAILWAY STATION 675 761 -86 31 2.5 -8.3 -7.3 19 NATIONAL RANCH RES. STATION KIBOKO 993 1005 -12 21 2.9 -7.6 -16.1 20 IKOYO MWOVE'S FARM 987 914 73 21 0.4 3.0 -2.3 321
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
Page 274 and 275: 2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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Page 280 and 281: 2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
Page 282 and 283: Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
Page 284 and 285: Key problem Key manifestations Effe
Page 286 and 287: Key problem Socioeconomic condition
Page 288 and 289: 2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
Page 290 and 291: 2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
Page 292 and 293: production and rehabilitating the d
Page 294 and 295: 2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
Page 296 and 297: leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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Page 302 and 303: 3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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Page 306 and 307: 2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
Page 308 and 309: The conversion of local Ziziphus us
Page 310 and 311: • The re-appearance of some wild
Page 312 and 313: D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
Page 314 and 315: 2.2.5 Projected potential impact
Page 316 and 317: afford. Another constraint to rehab
Page 318 and 319: In all the four countries in WCA, e
Page 320 and 321: Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
Page 322 and 323: Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
Page 326 and 327: Unfortunately, for most countries g
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Page 330 and 331: a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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Page 334 and 335: Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
Page 336 and 337: • Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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Page 340 and 341: The first step in the collaboration
Page 342 and 343: Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
Page 344 and 345: ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
Page 346 and 347: Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
Page 348 and 349: Each participating farmer grew crop
Page 350 and 351: fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
Page 352 and 353: additional technological and resour
Page 354 and 355: Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
Page 356 and 357: learned by piloting the development
Page 358 and 359: Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
Page 360 and 361: Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
Page 362 and 363: Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
Page 364 and 365: Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
Page 366 and 367: Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
Page 368 and 369: Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
Page 370 and 371: Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
Page 372 and 373: Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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