ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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a) N stress in the rotation - residues removed 1 legume (2002/03) sorghum 1 (2003/04) sorghum 2 (2004/05) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 December January February March December January February March December Stress January February March April 2002 2003 2004 2005 legume-sorghum rotation N stress continuous sorghum N stress Stress b) Water stress in the rotation - residues removed legume (2002/03) sorghum 1 (2003/04) sorghum 2 (2004/05) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 December January February March December January February March December January February 2002 2003 2004 2005 March April legume-sorghum rotation_water stress continuous sorghum_water stress Figure 9A.6 Nitrogen and water stress predictions in the legume sorghum rotation with residues removed, over three cropping seasons at Lucydale. The open symbols represent plots planted with legumes in 2002/03, while the black symbols represent plots planted conditions (Figure 9A.6. Further testing of the model will assist in the understanding of other processes in the legume-cereal rotations in dry environments. 326
9A.5 Agroclimatic characterization of APRLP-ICRISAT nucleus watersheds in Nalgonda, Mahaubnagar and Kurnool districts. India. Kesava Rao AVR, Wani SP, Piara, Irshad Ahmed M and Srinivas K. Knowledge on the agroclimatology of a region is a valuable tool in crop planning. Agroclimatic analysis of the Andhra Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Projects nucleus watersheds in three target districts (Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar and Kurnool) has been carried out on the basis of agromet data for the period 1971-2003. During the southwest monsoon season, more than 1000 mm rainfall was received at Nemmikal and Appayapally, while it was as low as 143 mm at Nandavaram. More than 85% of the annual rainy days occur during the five-month period – June to October. Though all the locations have a semi-arid type of climate, there is a tendency for the climate to temporarily shift towards the drier side. About 45% of the study period now shows an arid type of climate. Among the watersheds, Malleboinpally has the most stable climate with 85% of the total years in its normal semi-arid climate. At Nemmikal, there appears to be a slight trend towards dryness in the past 25 years, after 1978, as the climate was never the dry sub-humid type, and it slowly has been tending towards the arid type. Analysis of water balances in extreme rainfall years indicated that many locations recorded water surplus even in dry years. Between the wet and dry years, variation in the water surplus is much higher compared to the water deficit. Nemmikal (medium-deep Vertisol) and Nandavaram (deep Vertisol) watershed provide greater opportunity for double cropping. Appayapally, Thirumalapuram and parts of Nemmikal watersheds with medium-deep Alfisols, provide opportunity for double cropping with relatively short duration crops, but are more suitable for intercropping with medium-duration crops such as pigeonpea and castor. Watersheds in Kacharam, Mentapally, Sripuram, Malleboinpally and Karivemula have medium-deep Alfisols and provide greater potential for sole cropping during rainy season with crops of 120- 130 days duration, and intercropping with short to medium-duration crops to make better use of soil water availability. Early season drought occurs at Karivemula and Thirumalapuram and early and mid-season droughts occur at Nandavaram. These sites would require crop/varieties tolerant to early or mid-season droughts depending upon the location. It is also observed that Mentapally, Malleboinpally, Nemmikal and Appayapally have greater potential for water harvesting. Assured rainfed crop-growing season is about 165 to 175 days for the Vertisols areas and about 130 to 150 days for the Alfisols areas. There is variation in both the beginning and ending of the season: however, the end is more variable compared to the start. No definite relationship exists between the beginning and length of the growing season. Priority 4C, Specific goal 1: Improved management practices that enhance the productivity of water Priority 4D, Specific goal 1: Improve understanding of degradation thresholds and irreversibility, and the conditions necessary for success in low productivity areas Priority 4D, Specific goal 3: Identify domains of potential adoption and improvement of technologies for improving soil productivity, preventing degradation and for rehabilitating degraded lands Priority 4D, Specific goal 5: Improve soil quality to sustain increases in productivity, stability and environmental services through greater understanding of processes that govern soil quality and trends in soil quality in intensive systems Priority 4D, Specific goal 6: Design methods to manage and enhance biodiversity to increase income, reduce risk and vulnerability through IPM, crop diversification and rotations, and genetic diversity within crop species Output 9B. Affordable and sustainable crop management options (nutrients, water management, croplivestock, IPM, cultivar, rotations) developed and promoted in collaboration with NARES partners in Africa and Asia Output target 2007: Precision application of low doses of N or P fertilizer on their own, or in combination with manure, widely disseminated in WCA and ESA regions ICRISAT staff in sub-Saharan Africa have been working for the last ten years to encourage small-scale farmers to increase inorganic fertilizer use, and progressively increase their investments in agriculture, as the first steps towards Africa’s own Green Revolution. The program of work is founded on a technology breakthrough proven to be successful in a sub-set of communities in Eastern, Southern and West Africa – micro-dosing. This starts from the proposition that farmers are risk averse, but will take larger risks as they learn about new technologies. It starts from 327
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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Page 282 and 283: Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
Page 284 and 285: Key problem Key manifestations Effe
Page 286 and 287: Key problem Socioeconomic condition
Page 288 and 289: 2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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Page 294 and 295: 2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
Page 296 and 297: leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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Page 302 and 303: 3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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Page 306 and 307: 2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
Page 308 and 309: The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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Page 312 and 313: D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
Page 314 and 315: 2.2.5 Projected potential impact
Page 316 and 317: afford. Another constraint to rehab
Page 318 and 319: In all the four countries in WCA, e
Page 320 and 321: Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
Page 322 and 323: Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
Page 324 and 325: Milestones contributing to Output 9
Page 326 and 327: Unfortunately, for most countries g
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Page 342 and 343: Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
Page 344 and 345: ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
Page 346 and 347: Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
Page 348 and 349: Each participating farmer grew crop
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Page 354 and 355: Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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Page 358 and 359: Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
Page 360 and 361: Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
Page 362 and 363: Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
Page 364 and 365: Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
Page 366 and 367: Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
Page 368 and 369: Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
Page 370 and 371: Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
Page 372 and 373: Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
Page 374 and 375: Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
Page 376 and 377: Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
Page 378 and 379: Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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