ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas identified for groundnut and sorghum for collection/assembly in collaboration with NARS (HDU/NARS scientists, 2009) Output target A.2: Assembled germplasm of staple crops characterized for utilization (2009) Activity A.2.1: Characterize new germplasm for important morpho-agronomic traits Milestone A.2.1.1: Sorghum germplasm from Niger (450 accessions), chickpea germplasm from ICARDA (500 accessions) and groundnut germplasm from Japan assembled and characterized for morpho-agronomic traits (HDU/CLLG, 2008) Recording data on 483 sorghum accessions originating from Niger is in progress in PEQIA. NBPGR, India released a total of 839 chickpea germplasm samples provided by the Washington State University, Pullman, USA that were identified as unique for ICRISAT genebank. From this set, we planted 747 cultivated types during the post-rainy season of 2006 for recording morpho-agronomic traits and seed increase. Seed samples of 62 (annual types) out of 70 wild chickpea seed samples from this set are planted in a glasshouse under extended light for seed increase. We received 622-groundnut germplasm samples for further inspection and release by NBPGR. These accessions were identified as unique from the national collections of groundnut maintained at National Institute of Agricultural sciences (NIAS), Japan. HD Upadhyaya and CLL Gowda Milestone A.2.1.2: Sorghum germplasm from USDA, pearl millet collections from Niger (400 accessions), and pigeonpea collections from Tanzania, Uganda and Mozambique (200 no’s) characterized (HDU/CLLG, 2009) We are awaiting import permits from the Government of India for acquiring pearl millet (424) collections from Niger and pigeonpea (231) collections from Tanzania, Uganda and Mozambique presently held at Niamey and Nairobi genebanks, respectively. HD Upadhyaya and CLL Gowda A total of 123 pigeonpea landraces collected from farmers’ fields in four pigeonpea growing regions of Tanzania were characterized and evaluated for 16 qualitative and 14 quantitative descriptors; and their response across three pigeonpea growing environments in Tanzania and Kenya determined. Polymorphism in the qualitative traits was relatively low among accessions and across collection regions. Collections from the northern highlands exhibited lower diversity in qualitative descriptors, especially physical grain characters, relative to the other three regions, an indication of farmer selection in response to market preferences. There were significant differences in agronomic traits among accessions and in G x E interaction. Grain yield had positive significant correlations with pods per plant, pod yield, racemes per plant and both primary and secondary branches per plant, traits that were also correlated with plant height. High broad-sense heritability was recorded for days to flower, days to maturity, plant height, raceme number and 100 seed mass. Principal component analysis separated variability among landraces according to days to flower, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, and number of racemes per plant. Similarly, cluster analysis separated the accessions into six groups based on the same traits. There was close clustering within and between materials from the coastal zone, eastern plains and southern plains with the northern accessions distinctly separated and with wide dispersion within them. Overall, two diversity clusters were evident with coastal, eastern and southern landraces in one diversity cluster and northern highlands landraces in another cluster. This diversity grouping established potential heterotic groups in this pigeonpea germplasm, which may be used in crosses to generate new cultivars adapted to different pigeonpea growing environments with consumer acceptability. The grouping may also form a basis of forming a core collection of this germplasm representing the variability available in Tanzania. S Silim and E Manyasa Milestone A.2.1.3: Morphoagronomical characterization of 420 Sorghum landraces and 84 wild types from Sorghum growing areas in Mali (except Gao region) with a special focus on adaptive traits (cycle, photoperiod sensitivity, tillering, stay green) (FS, PST, NARS, 2006) 420 cultivated and 84 wild entries were planted at 3 sowing dates (22/06 and 22/07 at ICRISAT Samanko Station, 2006/07 in IER Sotuba Station) to measure the phenological characters with 8 individuals to represent one entry per replication and 2 replications per sowing date. The seedling emergence was good for cultivated sorghums and more heterogeneous for wild/weedy sorghums due to seed dormancy. Twelve thousand plants 42
were measured for 15 quantitative characters whereas qualitative morphological traits were measured at the entry level on one plant in each replication. The racial identification showed that guinea gambicum (53%), guinea margaritiferum (16%) and the sweet sorghums belonging to the bicolor race (12%) are the dominant sorghum groups in Mali. The highest variation was observed for cycle duration (sowing-flag leaf emergence duration varying from 48 days to 122 days). Most of landraces are partially or completely photoperiod sensitive. Stay green is mainly explained by the date of flowering rather than other environmental factors with late maturing varieties keeping green leaves longer. The information provided by SSR and DArT markers on the same material, combined with the observed quantitative trait variability within the 3 dominant sorghum groups in Mali, should allow for promising genetic association studies. F Sagnard and PS Traoré (in collaboration with IER) Milestone A.2.1.4: Morphoagronomical patterns of Sorghum diversity in Mali to understand large adaptive trends and identify new interesting local germplasm for breeding programs published (FS, PST + NARS, 2008) Output target A.3: Germplasm sets of staple crops evaluated for useful traits (2009) Activity A.3.1: Evaluate germplasm sets of staple crops for agronomic characters and special traits for utilization Milestone: A.3.1.1: Sets of germplasm in staple crops evaluated to identify sources for yield and other quality traits (HDU/CLLG/Scientists - Crop Improvement, Annual) Chickpea: Drought tolerant lines: Twenty accessions selected during 2004-2005 season for root depth, a trait related to drought in chickpea were evaluated with four control cultivars (Annigeri, ICC 4958, ICCV 2, ICC 12237) for yield potential and other agronomic traits in a replicated trial. Among the deep-rooted accessions ICC 1356 (3555 kg ha -1 ) produced 36.9 % greater seed yield than the drought tolerant control ICC 4958 (2596 kg ha -1 ) and 27.4% greater seed yield than the highest yielding control cultivar Annigeri (2790 kg ha -1 ). Similarly, ICC 1431 (2967 kg ha -1 ) and ICC 95 (3124 kg ha -1 ) produced 14.3% and 20.3% higher seed yield than ICC 4958 and 6.3% and 12.0% higher seed yield than Annigeri, respectively. In another experiment with 20 accessions selected during 2004-2005 season for root length density, another trait related to drought in chickpea were evaluated with four control cultivars (Annigeri, ICC 4958, ICCV 2, ICC 12237) for yield potential and other agronomic traits in a replicated trial. Among the accessions with largest root length density, ICC 13816 (3120 kg ha -1 ) produced seed yield similar to the drought tolerant control ICC 4958 (3095 kg ha -1 ) and the highest yielding control cultivar Annigeri (3230 kg ha -1 ). Large-seeded Kabuli Types: Evaluated 34 large-seeded kabuli chickpea accessions originating from diverse geographical regions with four control cultivars (ICCV 2, KAK 2, JGK 1, L 550) in a replicated trial. ICC 14214 (2063 kg ha -1 ; 53 g 100-seed weight) produced 7.1% greater seed yield and 35.1% higher seed weight than the large seeded and high yielding control cultivar KAK 2 (1927 kg ha -1 ; 39 g 100-seed weight). Similarly, ICC 6243 (2359 kg ha -1 ; 38 g 100-seed weight) and ICC 16803 (2072 kg ha -1 ; 40 g 100-seed weight) produced 7.5 to 22.4% higher seed yields with similar seed weight to KAK 2. ICC 6210 (1925 kg ha -1 ; 48 g 100-seed weight), ICC 7347 (1943 kg ha -1 ; 51 g 100-seed weight), and ICC 14203 (1921 kg ha -1 ; 56 g 100-seed weight) produced similar seed yield with 23.1-45.6% greater seed weight than KAK 2. Evaluated 16 large-seeded kabuli chickpea accessions, selected from newly assembled accessions, with four control cultivars (ICCV 2, KAK 2, JGK 1, L 550), in another experiment. ICC 17457 (2468.2 kg ha -1 ; 54.5g 100-seed weight) and ICC 17458 (2216 kg ha-1; 47g 100-seed weight) produced 28.0% and 14.9% greater seed yield with 47.3% and 28.1% greater 100-seed weight than the large seeded and high yielding control cultivar KAK 2 (1929 kg ha -1 ; 37 g 100-seed weight). Early Maturing Lines: Seventeen early-maturing germplasm accessions and three control cultivars (ICCV 2, Annigeri, ICCV 96029) were evaluated in a replicated yield trial for seed yield related agronomic traits. ICC 16347 (91 days; 1751 kg ha -1 ) matured earlier and produced similar seed yield as the early-maturing control ICCV 2 (97 days; 1772 kg ha -1 ). ICCs 5829, 11916, 13925, and 14368 (1962 – 2434 kg ha -1; 100 days) produced 10.7% to 37.4% greater seed yield and matured similar to ICCV 2. Extra-Early Kabuli Types: Evaluated 58 elite extra-early maturing kabuli germplasm lines and four control cultivars (KAK 2, L 550, ICCV 2, JGK 1) under normal and late sown environments. Under normal sown 43
Page 2 and 3: © International Crops Research Ins
Page 4 and 5: Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
Page 6 and 7: In April 2005 and again in August 2
Page 8 and 9: Handling new districts: Since 1970,
Page 10 and 11: food security for their families. E
Page 12 and 13: This PRA was followed by a structur
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Page 16 and 17: The study hypothesizes that demand
Page 18 and 19: Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 20 and 21: Objectives: Identify production and
Page 22 and 23: Research, practice and coalition bu
Page 24 and 25: initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Page 28 and 29: Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 30 and 31: social capital in the nexus of tech
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Page 50 and 51: Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Page 60 and 61: Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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