ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

Project 6
Producing more and better food at lower cost of staple open-pollinated cereals and legumes
(sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, chickpea and groundnut) through genetic improvement
and crop management in the Asian SAT
Groundnut
Output A: Improved germplasm and varieties of sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, and groundnut
with pro-poor traits and advanced knowledge of selection tools and breeding methods made available to
partners internationally
MTP Output Targets 2006:
At least 15 new varieties with resistance to late leaf spot and rust available and shared with partners
Farmer preferred varieties in India, Vietnam and China identified and disseminated amongst partners
Activity 6A.1.1: Evaluate and introgress new germplasm sources (cultivated and wild Arachis species) of
variability for yield components, resistance to rust, LLS, and other emerging diseases, crop duration, and
food and fodder quality traits
Milestone: At least 100 crosses involving diverse germplasm and breeding lines for aforementioned traits effected
(SNN/RA/FW/PLK) 2009
Ninety-seven crosses (42 for foliar diseases, 22 for medium-duration, 10 for short-duration, and 23 for confectionery
traits) were made during the 2005/06 post-rainy and the 2006 rainy seasons to generate populations for selection for
high yield, diseases resistance, desired crop duration, and confectionery traits in desirable agronomic backgrounds.
New parents used in hybridization included high-yielding foliar diseases tolerant breeding lines (ICGV 04060,
ICGV 04055, ICGV 04078, and ICGV 04093); germplasm lines (ICG 7340, ICG 6843, ICG 7621, and ICG 6330);
high-yielding and medium-duration advanced breeding lines (ICGV 04112, ICGV 04124, ICGV 04149, ICGV
99159, and ICGV 95069); short-duration advanced breeding lines (ICGV 00308, ICGV 93392, ICGV 00290, and
Nyanda); high-yielding, advanced breeding lines with confectionery traits, (ICGV 99083, ICGV 00350, ICGV
00451, and ICGV 00440), and germplasm lines (ICG 6767, ICG 6670, and ICG 1651).
SN Nigam and R Aruna
Milestone: Evaluation of groundnut lines for resistance to late leaf spot (LLS) and rust during under field
conditions:
Late leaf spot (LLS) (Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most serious fungal diseases
of groundnut, particularly in the rainy season. Systematic screening of groundnut germplasm and breeding lines was
initiated in the field and laboratory to incorporate resistance into high yielding cultivars with agronomic and quality
characters suited to different environments. Ten groundnut breeding lines (ICGV 37, ICGV 00005, ICGV 00064,
ICGV 01270, ICGV 01276, ICGV 92267, ICGV 86590, ICGV 87846, ICGV 99029, and ICGV 00068) along with
the susceptible cultivar TMV 2, and a resistant control ICG 13919, were evaluated against late leaf spot and rust at
61, 74, 92, 106, and 123 days after sowing (DAS) at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, during the 2006 rainy season.
Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes in both the trials for disease score (LLS and rust)
and leaf area damage (LAD).
Late leaf spot (LLS): At 92 days after sowing (DAS), of the ten advanced groundnut breeding lines evaluated,
ICGV 00068 (LLS score = 2.7; LAD = 7.0) was highly resistant. Six lines showed a disease score between 3.0 – 5.0
and LAD = 11.0 - 26.0 as compared to the resistant check ICG 13919 (LLS score = 2.7 and LAD = 6.3) and
susceptible check TMV 2 (LLS score = 7.0 and LAD = 60.0) (Fig. 1).
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