ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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from both savings in inputs (labor for irrigation, fuel for water pumping, fertilizers) and from higher yields combined with better product quality. 2.5 2.3 Fig. 2. Annual profit per m 2 of a conventional market garden, an AMG and an AMG planted with dates Profit (US $/ m2) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 Conventional 0.7 AMG without dates Production systems AMG with dates Vegetable varietal adaptation to the Sudano-Sahel High air temperatures are the main environmental constraint for vegetable production in the Sudano-Sahel (Fig. 3). Mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures in Niamey °C 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Fig. 3. Annual variation in mean maximum and minimum temperatures in Niamey-Niger. Note the cooler night temperatures from Mid October to March that is the main vegetables production season Most vegetable varieties produced in the Sudano-Sahel are purchased from seed companies based in Europe and the USA. Many of these varieties are not adapted to the high temperatures of the Sahel. However, areas with warm climates such as Australia, Israel, California, India, AVRDC in Taiwan and others have bred heat-tolerant varieties that are more suitable for Sudano-Sahelian conditions. Over the last four years ICRISAT-Niamey has screened a large number of varieties of nine vegetables species to select those that are best adapted to the Sudano-Sahel. Examples of some of these varietal differences are given in Figures 4-7. yield (t/ha) 160 120 80 40 0 3640 3641 3019 3057 3060 3068 3059 3026 variety l.s.d.(0.05)= 13.95 Fig. 4. Fruit yield of eight hybrid tomatoes from Hazera Company. All varieties have firm fruit with long shelf life and tolerance to a wide range of soil born diseases viruses and pests 244
Fig. 5. Fresh yield of 10 sweet pepper varieties compared with the yield of a local variety. Peppers were planted in December and yielded from February till May. Yield of the best variety, ‘Super Beitar’, was almost five times greater than that of the local variety yield (t/ha) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Super Beitar Paso Real Gra ndisimo Telestar Capricho Alonzo variety Alexandra Flush El Charro l.s.d.(0.05)= 4.67 Liberty bell Local yield (t/ha) 80 60 40 20 0 Safi Antillais Habanero Hot Early J. Escondia Purica Del Arbol Cochiti Thaillandais Chimiyo variety Alcalde Hot Purica Hot Ring Hidalgo Caribe Long Thin Numex Cascabella Fig. 6. Fresh yield of 18 hot pepper varieties. The best varieties were Safi, Antillais and Habanero. All three varieties are very pungent and have a square fruit shape. Anttilais had poorer fruit quality cobs yield (t/ha) 70 60 50 40 30 20 l.s.d.(0.05)= 18.55 Fig. 7. Cob yield of five sweet corn varieties. True Gold, an open pollinated variety, yielded substantially more than other varieties in all production seasons 10 0 True Gold Jubilee Double standard Zs 102 Hawai ss variety 245
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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Page 208 and 209: Characterization of variability in
Page 210 and 211: Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
Page 212 and 213: Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
Page 214 and 215: Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
Page 216 and 217: Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
Page 218 and 219: Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
Page 220 and 221: Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
Page 222 and 223: ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
Page 224 and 225: The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
Page 226 and 227: Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
Page 228 and 229: Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
Page 230 and 231: Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
Page 232 and 233: Progress reported towards the achie
Page 234 and 235: Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
Page 236 and 237: Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
Page 238 and 239: Milestone: Botanicals with ability
Page 240 and 241: Table 2. Screening different botani
Page 242 and 243: plots. The results clearly suggest
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Page 246 and 247: Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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Page 256 and 257: Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
Page 258 and 259: Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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Page 280 and 281: 2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
Page 282 and 283: Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
Page 284 and 285: Key problem Key manifestations Effe
Page 286 and 287: Key problem Socioeconomic condition
Page 288 and 289: 2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
Page 290 and 291: 2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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Page 294 and 295: 2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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