ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Project 3 Producing more and better food of the staple cereals and legumes of the west and central African (WCA) SAT (sorghum, pearl millet and groundnut) through genetic improvement Output 3A. Heterotic relationships identified and utilized within sorghum and pearl millet germplasm adapted to WCA conditions and appropriate broad-based breeding populations and hybrid parents and made available to NARS and other partners annually to maximise genetic gain from selection MTP Output Targets 2006 Multi-location testing of 100 pearl millet factorial crosses and parental populations completed at 6 locations to determine heterotic patterns Multiplication and advance to BC5 generation of short statured Guinea-race A/B pairs of sorghum for the first time in west Africa Impact from varietal improvement of the local dryland cereals of West and Central Africa (WCA) has seemingly lagged behind that of other crops and other regions. In recent years the ICRISAT team in WCA has made systematic efforts to improve this situation, by reorienting its breeding efforts towards farmers’ expressed needs and preferences, by integrating varietal improvement efforts with natural resource management research, enhancing local cereal seed systems efficiently; and by starting to exploit heterosis within the well adapted locally widely grown guinea race sorghums. During 2006 we have been able to identify a set of hybrids based on guinea race sorghum landrace parents, which have potential for adoption by farmers, as they provide stable and significant heterosis across a range of test locations, on-farm and on-station. Producing seed of these hybrids appears to be feasible after our first experiences. We have indications for consistent patterns of heterosis between different groups of guinea race sorghums from West-Africa. Sets of accessions representing these different groups of germplasm are presently under going SSR based marker analysis. ICRISAT strengthened its capacities in Pearl Millet Breeding in WCA by recruiting a Senior Scientist in 2005. The program has gained strength and momentum by attracting a range of special donor funded projects. Thus research on heterotic grouping, developing potential hybrid parental lines based on West-African pearl millet germplasm is well under way. Regional collaboration among the cereal breeders of the main cereal producing countries has been strengthened. Planning workshops, joint trials, joint monitoring tours of specific trials sites, and a regular information exchange are creating new dynamics for reviving hybrid breeding efforts among our partners. Output target 3A1: Access of NARS to pearl millet and sorghum diversity enhanced For pearl millet 360 early to medium-maturing pearl millet accessions originating from West-Africa were evaluated in the rainy season 2006 at six locations across WCA (Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria). Similarly, 64 long-duration accessions were evaluated in the same season at 3 locations in the Sudanian zone, or with supplemental irrigation (Senegal, Mali, Niger). Breeders and farmers in the different countries and stations evaluated and selected germplam lines for different agronomic and traits that could be important for processing or commercialization. While the network of breeders intends to select materials for studies on heterotic groups, and for the creation of new broader based populations, each breeder can select materials for their own program, or for direct use. Patterns of adaptation among the WCA landraces are being examined carefully. An initial analysis was published in International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter (ISMN). Sorghum breeders in the region have received locally adapted breeding materials and newly characterized accessions of guinea race sorghums on request, for specific zones of adaptation, and for specific uses. New groups of germplasm are being evaluated for use in the regional selection program, as well as for direct use by national programs. At present a set of earlier flowering materials from northern Nigeria and Cameroon is being assessed for widening the diversity of available breeding materials. 84
Activity 3A1.1: Evaluate early-medium and late pearl millet and sorghum germplasm from various locations in WCA (in Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal for adaptation to specific agro-ecological zone in WCA. Milestones: At least 10 useful accessions or population crosses identified and used for creating broad-based pearl millet breeding-populations for recurrent selection programs (BIGH 2007) 360 early to medium maturity pearl millet accessions evaluated in the rainy season 2006 (RS 2006) at 6 locations all over WCA (Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria); 64 late-maturing accessions evaluated in RS 2006 at 3 locations (Senegal, Mali, Niger); 100 factorial crosses among diverse pearl millet populations evaluated in the RS 2006 at 7 locations (in Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria). Data entry and analysis is underway. Each country will identify 5-10 superior accessions/population crosses from their own and the partner’s trials; these will then enter recurrent selection programs targeting specific rainfall zones. BIG Haussmann Adaptation patterns of pearl millet germplasm in WCA published (2008) First year multi-location field trials were completed in RS 2006. Preliminary characterization data and geographic differentiation patterns for 280 pearl millet landraces from WCA were evaluated at Sadore (Niger) in RS 2005 and published in the ISMN. BIG Haussmann Activity 3A1.2: Regional nurseries of sorghum and pearl millet germplasm assembled and made available to WCA NARS. Milestones: Results from initial regional germplasm evaluation compiled and made available to partners (2007) The multi-character evaluation of the guinea-race sorghum core collection includes a range of yield component traits, traits related to adaptation, fertility restoration on the A1 cytoplasm for male-sterility as well as standard morphological characters. The results are presently being compiled for publication and dissemination. In addition to the core collection evaluation, we conducted an evaluation of predominantly earlier maturing guinea or intermediates race germplasm from Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon during the 2006 rainy season. Individual panicles were selfed, and selected from accessions with interesting trait combinations. The Nigerian accessions were also sent to Zaria for evaluation in Nigeria. The sorghum core collection established by CIRAD was evaluated for growth rate during the 2004 and 2005 rainy seasons. The data was analysed, and is being prepared for publication. HFW Rattunde, B Clerget and E Weltzien with CIRAD Seed of at least 10 selected pearl millet accessions multiplied and made available to partners (2008-11) Germplasm accessions from across West-Africa were evaluated in 5 countries (see above). Scientists from partner NARS, and farmers from areas near the research station evaluated these trials, and the selections were communicated to the ICRISAT breeder, who is planning to multiply seeds by sib-mating. BIG Haussmann with IER, INERA, INRAN, ISRA and LCRI Seed of at least 10 preferred new sorghum materials multiplied and supplied to at least 3 partners annually (2007-11) The Nigerian germplasm evaluation, as well as the evaluations of early generation breeding materials on-farm by farmers and on-station evaluations served as opportunity for selections by partners through direct visual evaluations. The diffusion of analysed data will further serve to create demand by other researchers during the comings season. HFW Rattunde and E Weltzien Output target 3A2: Heterotic patterns in WCA pearl millet and sorghum germplasm understood. A set of factorial crosses among a total of 20 pearl millet landraces from the five WCA countries was evaluated by all the contributors at 7 locations during the rainy season of 2006, enhancing everyone’s access and insights into useful variability and potentially promising combinations of different types of pearl millet landraces from WCA. The first evaluation of a set of diallel crosses among contrasting pearl millet germplasm groups has been initiated 85
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
Page 38 and 39: Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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Page 42 and 43: analysis of the sources of risk, ef
Page 44 and 45: problems that would otherwise invol
Page 46 and 47: Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
Page 48 and 49: environment two entries (2130 - 232
Page 50 and 51: Output target A.4: Germplasm access
Page 52 and 53: Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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Page 58 and 59: Output target C.1: Core and mini co
Page 60 and 61: Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
Page 62 and 63: Table 5. Number of missing data, al
Page 64 and 65: analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Page 70 and 71: Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
Page 72 and 73: Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
Page 74 and 75: Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
Page 76 and 77: in both groups. Among the genotypes
Page 78 and 79: The genotyping of reference collect
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Page 82 and 83: Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
Page 84 and 85: Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
Page 86 and 87: IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Page 96 and 97: To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
Page 98 and 99: Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
Page 100 and 101: Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
Page 102 and 103: Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
Page 108 and 109: Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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Page 112 and 113: The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
Page 114 and 115: Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 130 and 131: Project 5 Producing more and better
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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