ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker-assisted breeding for salinity tolerance in chickpea Milestones: Phenotyping of ICCV 2 x JG 62 mapping population for salinity tolerance completed and data analyzed with available data for QTL mapping (VV/LK/RKV/PMG) 2007 The phenotyping of 125 F 13 progenies from ICCV 2 x JG 62 cross has been completed under controlled saline conditions (saline treatment corresponding to an application of 1.870 L of a 80 mM NaCl solution to 7.5 kg of black soil from ICRISAT farm). The seed yield under salinity ranged from 4.05 g pot -1 to 14.5 g pot -1 in the 126 RILs, showing a 3-fold range of variation, and there was a very good segregation pattern. Parents ICCV2 (sensitive) and JG62 (tolerant) were at the extremes of the ranking, with seed yield being 7.77 g pot -1 (23 rd from bottom) and 13.46 g pot -1 (6 th ranked among all), respectively. QTL analysis is yet to be performed. Milestone: Mechanisms of tolerance to salinity characterized (VV/LK/NM) 2008 Screening of 263 accessions of chickpea, including 211 accessions from ICRISAT’s mini-core collection (10% of the core collection, and 1% of the entire collection), showed a six-fold range of variation for seed yield under salinity, with several genotypes yielding 20% more than the previously released salinity tolerant cultivar. The range of variation in yield under salinity was similar in both Kabuli and Desi chickpeas, indicating that breeding for salinity tolerance can be undertaken in both groups. A strong relationship was found between the seed yield under salinity and the seed yield under a non-saline control treatment, indicating that the seed yield under salinity was explained in part by a yield potential component, and in part by salinity tolerance per se. Seed yields under salinity were therefore computed to separate the yield potential component from the residuals that accounted for salinity tolerance per se. Among the genotypes evaluated, Desi genotypes showed greater salinity tolerance than the Kabuli genotypes. The residuals were highly correlated to the ratio of seed yield under salinity to that of the control, indicating that both parameters can be used to assess salinity tolerance. A similar ratio was calculated for shoot dry weight at 50 days after sowing. However, no significant correlation was found between the shoot dry weight ratio and the grain yield ratio, indicating that differences in salinity tolerance among genotypes could not be inferred from measurements at the vegetative stage. The major trait related to salinity tolerance was the ability to maintain a large number of filled pods, whereas seed size was similar in tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Salinity tolerance was also not related to the Na + or K + concentrations in the shoot. Vincent Vadez and L Krishnamurthy Milestone: New RILs populations for mapping of salinity tolerance QTLs developed (PMG/VV/LK) 2009 A set of 10 tolerant and 10 susceptible lines with salinity tolerance have been provided to the chickpea breeding group. Three crosses have been developed: ICC 6263 (DF 70) x ICC 1431 (DF 69), ICC 15802 (DF 66) x ICC 9942 (DF 63), and ICCV 2 (DF 39) x JG 11 (DF 40). These genotypes will also be assessed for their range of polymorphism at the DNA level, using a set of SSR markers. PM Gaur, Vincent Vadez and L Krishnamurthy Milestone: QTLs for salinity tolerance identified (VV/LK/RKV/PMG) 2009 The phenotyping of 125 F 13 progenies from ICCV 2 x JG 62 cross has been completed under controlled saline conditions (saline treatment corresponding to an application of 1.870 L of a 80 mM NaCl solution to 7.5 kg of black soil from ICRISAT farm). Grain yield has been recorded at maturity. The seed yield under salinity ranged from 4.05 g pot -1 to 14.5 g pot -1 in the 126 RILs, showing a 3-fold range of variation, and there was a very good segregation pattern. Parents ICCV2 (sensitive) and JG62 (tolerant) were at the extremes of the ranking, with seed yield being 7.77 g pot -1 (23 rd from bottom) and 13.46 g pot -1 (6 th ranked among all), respectively. QTL analysis is yet to be performed. Vincent Vadez and L Krishnamurthy Milestone: QTLs for salinity tolerance introgressed in farmer-preferred varieties (PMG/VV/LK/RKV) 2011 The work on this milestone will start when RIL populations are available from the above milestone in 2009. 224
Output target 6B.2: High throughput molecular genetic and phenotyping platforms for drought and salinity stress and promising transgenic events of chickpea for tolerance to drought stress available for commercialization and introgression in locally adapted germplasm Activity 6B.2.1: Develop and evaluate chickpea transgenic events for enhanced tolerance to drought stress Milestones: 50 transgenic events of chickpea with DREB1A and P5CSF genes developed and screened for drought tolerance in the contained greenhouse (KKS/VV/PMG) 2007 Genetic engineering of chickpea for enhanced tolerance to water stress is being carried out using the osmoregulatory P5CSF129A gene and DREB1A transcription factor that acts as a major “switch” that triggers a cascade of genes in response to a given stress. Forty-eight chickpea events with 35S: P5CSF129A and 18 events carrying rd29A:DREB1A were advanced to T 4 generation to maintain the homozygosity. Southern analysis of the tested events indicated a low copy number (1 - 2 copies) in the 35S:P5CSF129A transgenics, whereas most of the events carrying rd29A: DREB1A had only a single copy of the transgene. Inheritance studies carried out on the T 3 generation transgenic plants showed a 15: 1 segregation for both types. Ten transgenic events each of rd29A:DREB1A and 35S: P5CSF129A in T 3 generation were evaluated in drydown experiments to study various physiological parameters including plant response to soil drying as measured by the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW), stomatal conductance, and transpiration efficiency (TE). The events exhibiting a diversity of stress response patterns, especially with respect to the NTR-FTSW relationship were selected from that ranking and comparative studies were carried out with these transgenics under optimized conditions for evaluating the water use efficiency of the selected events. All the selected transgenic events differed from the wild type parent in their NTR response to FTSW, showing a decline in transpiration at lower FTSW values (dryer soil). Several events had superior transpiration efficiency, photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, and total transpiration under water limited conditions in comparison to the control parent C 235. All the selected transgenic events had a transpiration decline in drier soil than in the untransformed parent. The total biomass produced during the dry down cycle (Δ biomass) showed differences amongst the transgenic events, thus indicating apparent differences in the biomass produced per unit of water used. A repeat experiment was performed with 5 transgenic events of DREB1A and 4 events of P5CSF. We measured the response of transpiration to progressive drying and also measured TE using standard protocol. Among the different events tested, one DREB1A event (RD 2) had higher TE than wild type C 235 under water deficit. This event was also among the few having higher TE than control variety C 235 in the previous experiment, which confirms its superiority. One event of P5CSF (P8) also showed superior TE than control C 235, whereas TE in the other 3 events was similar or below C 235. Vincent Vadez and KK Sharma Progress reported towards the achievement of milestone for 2007 will contribute towards achievement of the milestones listed below. Milestone: At least 8 promising transgenic events of chickpea containing DREB1A or P5CSF genes identified and their drought tolerance characterized under contained greenhouse conditions (KKS/VV/PMG) 2008 Milestone: Three promising transgenic events of chickpea identified for drought tolerance and characterized under contained field conditions (KKS/VV/PMG) 2009 Milestone: One or two transgenic events of chickpea used for introgression into locally adapted genotypes with better adaptation and the progeny characterized and evaluated (KKS/VV/PMG) 2010 Milestone: 10 - 15 introgressed transgenic lines of chickpea with improved tolerance to water-limiting conditions evaluated and development of commercialization package initiated (KKS/VV/PMG) 2011 225
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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Page 218 and 219: Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
Page 220 and 221: Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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Page 240 and 241: Table 2. Screening different botani
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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