ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred progenies of the mapping population developed between 841B (tolerant) and 863B (sensitive) has been initiated and the harvesting is underway. Vincent Vadez and CT Hash Milestone 5B.2.1.2: Putative QTLs for salinity tolerance based on 35 BC 6 F 3 contiguous segment introgression lines identified (CTH/SS/VV, 2010) Funding to complete development of the contiguous segment introgression line set, and initiate its assessment, was received from DBT in December 2006, so work towards this milestone on this will recommence in 2007. Milestone 5B.2.1.3: New F 6 RIL mapping populations for salinity tolerance available in pearl millet for phenotyping and genotyping (CTH/BVSR/KNR/VV, 2009) The existing (ICMB 841-P3 x 863B-P2)-derived pearl millet mapping population was advanced to F6 RILs. The new RILs are being skeleton mapped as part of an exercise to create a more informative pearl millet consensus linkage map. Seed of approximately 150 progenies of this RIL mapping population are now available for salinity tolerance screening while new pearl millet RIL mapping populations are being generated for this target trait. Crosses were made between several selected pairs of sorghum parental lines exhibiting substantial pair-wise dissimilarity (>70%) at 67 SSR loci distributed across all 10 sorghum linkage groups, as well as substantial phenotypic differences for salinity tolerance based on pot screens of 30 candidate parental lines. F1 hybrids from several such crosses were sown for advance to the F2 generation by selfing during the 2006/07 postrainy season. Output target 5B.3: Breeding value of putative terminal drought tolerance QTLs in pearl millet documented (2009) Activity 5B.3.1: Publication of earlier results on drought tolerance QTL and gene pyramiding Milestone 5B.3.1.1: Publication of results from marker-assisted selection for the linkage group 2 drought tolerance QTL into the genetic background of two parental lines (CTH/FRB, 2008) QTL for improved grain yield across variable grain-filling moisture environments: Previous molecular work on drought tolerance in pearl millet has focused on QTL for the ability to maintain yield under post-flowering drought stress, which can be easily transferred to otherwise well-adapted hybrid parents to improve the performance of their hybrids under this type of stress. Pearl millet breeding programs targeting adaptation to variable postflowering moisture environments would benefit from QTLs that improve grain yield across the full range of postflowering moisture conditions, rather than in just some specific drought-stressed environments. We reanalyzed an extensive (12 environment) phenotyping data set that included both stressed and non-stressed post-flowering environments, to identify QTLs for improved yield over the whole range of moisture environments. Genetic materials were testcrosses of 79 F 2 -derived F 4 progenies from a mapping population based on a widely adapted maintainer line (ICMB 841) × a post-flowering drought tolerant maintainer (863B). Three QTLs (on LG 2, LG 3, LG 4) were identified as primary candidates for MAS for improved grain yield across variable post-flowering moisture environments. QTLs on LG 2 and LG 3 (the most promising) explained a useful proportion (13 to 25%) of phenotypic variance for grain yield across environments. They also co-mapped with QTLs for harvest index across environments, and with QTLs for both grain number and individual grain mass under severe terminal stress. Neither had a significant QTL × environment interaction, indicating their predicted effects should occur across a broad range of available moisture environments. Finally, both are linked to SSR markers so they are amenable to efficient MAS. The remaining QTL (LG 4) is of secondary interest as it has a less consistent performance across individual moisture environments and a less clear effect on secondary traits. Responses to MAS predicted for each of the identified grain yield QTLs ranged from 70 to 100 kg ha -1 across environments and as much 160 kg ha -1 in individual moisture environments. FR Bidinger, T Nepoleon and CT Hash Improvement of the post-flowering drought tolerance of ICMB 841 by MABC: We completed the evaluation of 13 BC 5 F 3 segmental introgression lines targeting the LG 2 QTL (for post-flowering drought tolerance) from 863B in the background of widely adapted seed parent ICMB 841. These segmentally near-isogenic lines were evaluated in testcross hybrid form (with both drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible testers) in multiple years in both the 166
Patancheru dry season drought nursery (where the LG 2 QTL was identified) and in natural drought-prone locations. B-line tolerance/sensitivity to post-flowering terminal drought stress was assessed by comparing B-line general combining abilities (GCAs) for grain yield in the stress and non-stress environments. The data set included three non-stress and seven post-flowering stress environments in the drought nursery and four naturally-stressed environments in western Rajasthan. The original recurrent parent ICMB 841 had a significant (P
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Page 124 and 125: Output Target B5: New backcross pop
Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 130 and 131: Project 5 Producing more and better
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
Page 134 and 135: SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
Page 136 and 137: Grain mold resistance in selections
Page 138 and 139: complete block design with three re
Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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Page 156 and 157: Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
Page 160 and 161: Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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Page 164 and 165: Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
Page 174 and 175: I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
Page 178 and 179: highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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Page 182 and 183: Project 6 Producing more and better
Page 184 and 185: equired for disease development. Di
Page 186 and 187: In the advanced Spanish type trial
Page 188 and 189: TSV infection was recorded both on
Page 190 and 191: Genotype Generation Wild species us
Page 192 and 193: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
Page 194 and 195: Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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Page 204 and 205: selection of material for use as pa
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Page 208 and 209: Characterization of variability in
Page 210 and 211: Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
Page 212 and 213: Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
Page 214 and 215: Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
Page 216 and 217: Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
Page 218 and 219: Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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