ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improved pigeonpea and chickpea germplasm with drought tolerance with partners in ESA Milestone A9.3.1: Nucleus/breeder seed of at least 10 pigeonpea and 20 chickpea cultivars/ advanced lines available for sharing with NARS multiplied by 2009 In 2006/07 cropping season, the production of breeder seed was increased to include two locations (Kampi ya Mawe and Kabete Research Stations) in Kenya. For pigeonpea, it is necessary to cover the crop with nets during the flowering period of the crop to avoid cross pollination. Production of breeder seed of five wilt resistant and eleven pigeopea cultivars is in progress at Kabete and Kampi yaMawe respectively. Breeder seed of 13 chickpea advanced lines was also produced in 2006 at Kabete. Samples of the breeder seed will be stored for medium-term in the minigene bank at ICRISAT-Nairobi and the remainder will be shared with partners to produce foundation or certified seed. SN Silim and E Gwata Milestone A9.3.2: Seed of improved pigeonpea and chickpea germplasm disseminated to at least 4 NARS/ countries in ESA by 2008 The high level of out-crossing (30%) in pigeonpea poses a challenge to farmers in terms of maintaining cultivar purity. Therefore it is necessary to disseminate high quality seed to national programs for multiplication and distribution to farmers. Samples of clean breeder or foundation seed were shared with partners in Malawi, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. For chickpeas, the national programs (in Eritrea, Kenya and South Africa) as well as other partners (Catholic Relief Services and Egerton University) received seed. Requests for seed have also been received from Rwanda and Zimbabwe. In Mozambique, adequate stocks of high quality seed are available to both the national program and NGOs. It is evident that the demand for seed of these two legumes in ESA has increased significantly necessitating the legume enhancement program (at ICRISAT-Nairobi) to respond positively and ensuring availability of the germplasm. SN Silim and E Gwata Milestone A9.3.3: Farmers’ access to legume seed in at least two ESA countries enhanced through collaboration with at least one public/private partnership (NARS/NGO/Private Seed Company by 2010 Collaborative efforts in seed multiplication with the private sector were initiated in at least two countries in ESA. In Kenya, a private seed company (Leldet Ltd.), with assistance from the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service, agreed to undertake multiplying seed of ICRISAT chickpea (four) and pigeon pea (three) cultivars. Similarly, in Tanzania a seed company (Rotian Seed Company) initiated seed multiplication jointly with ICRISAT. The company is multiplying two cultivars (ICEAP 00040 and ICEAP 0053) in particular which are in high demand in Tanzania. The seed requirement for the two cultivars already exceeds 6.0 t in Babati district. The partnerships with private companies are expected to rise with the increase in demand for legume seed in the region. Apart from providing the seed, ICRISAT provides technical support to the seed companies. This model of seed production is still being developed with the hope that eventually, it can be scaled-up to include other countries in ESA. SN Silim and E Gwata Milestone: A9.3.4: New institutional models designed and tested to enhance the availability of improved groundnuts, pigeon pea and chickpea seed through commercial channels by 2009 New institutional models: In Mozambique foundation seed of improved pigeonpea varieties from a Foundation Seed Enterprise (FSE) was marketed to a farmer-owned company for further multiplication into certified seed. This was then sold to farmers linked to a pigeonpea processing factory producing dhal for export. Preliminary results suggest that this institutional arrangement builds upon the strengths of informal seed supply systems that most smallholder farmers rely on, but enhances the choice of varieties available to such farmers from research. The availability of uniform grain from a single variety reduces the losses associated with processing, and creates 116
incentives for agro-processors to introduce price premiums for quality that stimulate sustained investment in improved seed. RB Jones Output Target A10: Pigeonpea and groundnut transformation protocol developed in Asia applied to locally adapted varieties in ESA [2009]. Activity A10.1: Establish tissue culture protocol for various local pigeonpea and groundnut varieties Milestone A10.1.1: Evaluate and establish seven locally adapted pigeonpea varieties in tissue culture (2006) Seven pigeon pea varieties, adapted to the ESA region, as well as the Indian variety ICPL 88039 which was used as control, were introduced into tissue culture in the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute’s Biotechnology laboratories. The varieties were from different duration types as well as those with resistance to Fusarium and included ICPL 86012, ICPL 87091, ICPV 00020, ICPV 00040, ICPV 00053, ICPV 00554 and ICPV 00447. The tissue culture responses of the different varieties were evaluated for suitability for subsequent transformation. All seven ESA adapted varieties responded well and it was possible to regenerate rooted plants from seed explants of all the varieties. However, the medium (ICPV 00554 and ICPV 00557) and short duration varieties (ICPL 88091 and ICPL 86012) reponded best and ICPV 00554 and ICPV 00557 will be used in transformation studies in 2007. S de Villiers, D Hoisington, E Gwata, E Manyasa and S Silim Output 4 B: New knowledge of the QTLs for the stay green trait confirmed, marker assisted selection efficiency improved, specific abiotic stress tolerant varieties and associated knowledge and capacity building measures for sorghum, pearl millet and groundnuts developed and disseminated annually in ESA from 2009 onwards MTP Output Target: 3 partners received training in generation and interpretation of marker data for MAS in sorghum (Staygreen and Striga) Output target: B1: 2 QTLs for stay-green introgressed into Sorghum farmer varieties (2008) Activity B1.1: Develop marker assisted breeding of the stay- green trait of sorghum to enhance terminal drought tolerance in East African farmer-preferred varieties. Milestone B1.1.1: Capacity of the NARS in marker assisted breeding technologies enhanced through MSc. training by 2007 (DK, TH) Milestone B1.1.3: Efficiency and effectiveness of marker assisted breeding for stay-green trait in sorghum backgrounds determined by 2008 Attempts by plant breeders to exploit genetic variation for drought tolerance through conventional methods to improve grain yields have proven slow and ardous. However, molecular marker technology has provided powerful tools needed to dissect complex traits such as drought tolerance. A series of backcrosses has already been initiated to transfer the stay green trait from donor parents B35 and E 36-1 into a wide range of elite tropically adapted sorghum varieties including S35, Macia, ICSV 111 and ICSV 112 which are currently grown by resource-poor farmers in Africa. African adapted open pollinated varieties I ICSV 112, Macia and S35 have been advanced from BC1 to BC2 for stay green donor E-36 using SSR-based marker assisted selection targeting 6 stay green QTLs that were detected. During the process, foreground selection has been made to select QTLs of interest and background selection has been undertaken to select for all the loci of the recurrent parent. Near isogenic lines could then be developed for individual stay green QTLs so that the physiological responses associated with individual QTLs controlling various components of the stay green traits and interactions among these QTLs can be dissected. Consistently identified QTLs are therefore good candidates for marker assisted introgression into locally adapted varieties. However, before marker assisted selection for stay green is applied widely in breeding programs that target extremely drought stressed environments, the benefit of stay green for yield performance and stability should be 117
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Page 100 and 101: Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
Page 102 and 103: Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
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Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
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Page 136 and 137: Grain mold resistance in selections
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Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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