ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Project 5 Producing more and better food at lower cost of staple cereal and legume hybrids in the Asian SAT (sorghum, pearl millet and pigeonpea) through genetic improvement Output 5A: Hybrid parents and breeding lines of sorghum, pearl millet and pigeonpea with high yield potential and pro-poor traits in diverse and elite backgrounds, for specific target markets, production environments and research application made available biennially (from 2008) to defined partners with associated knowledge and capacity building in the Asian SAT MTP Output Targets 2006 Sorghum New genetic variability introgressed and new derivates less susceptible to shoot fly and grain mold hybrid parents available to partners Pearl Millet At least 9 each of male-sterile and restorer lines and more than 800 trait-specific and downy mildew (DM) resistant improved breeding lines developed and disseminated Pigeonpea Knowledge on hybrid seed production in pigeonpea published and disseminated globally for the first time I. Sorghum Output target 5A.1: More than 35 parental lines of potential sorghum hybrids with high grain yield, and improved agronomic traits and biotic resistance developed (2007-2009) Activity 5A.1.1: Develop and characterize a diverse range of improved parental lines Milestone 5A.1.1.1: Ten male-sterile lines and five restorer lines with high yield and large grain developed (BVSR, 2007) Race-specific trait-based B-lines: To diversify hybrid parents for high yield, large grain and other traits, diverse parents consisting of high-yielding B-lines and germplasm lines that belong to different races possessing useful traits were crossed. The resulting progenies were advanced with selection for different traits while maintaining desired maturity and grain yield. Promising F 4 progenies with maintainer reaction are being converted into A-lines with A 1 and A 2 CMS systems. They are in the various stages (BC 2 to BC 9 ) of conversion. The B-lines that were completely converted into male-sterile lines and stabilized were evaluated in replicated yield trials. The results are as under. Preliminary B-line trial (PBT): Maintainers (B-lines) of five newly developed male-sterile lines with A 1 CMS system and 17 newly developed lines with A 2 CMS system were evaluated along with two checks in preliminary B- line trial during the 2006 rainy season. For grain yield, two B-lines of the A 1 CMS system – SP 18847 (4.6 t ha -1 ), SP 18845 (4.5 t ha -1 ) and 5 B-lines of the A 2 CMS system – SP 19255 (5.2 t ha -1 ), SP 19207-1 (4.9 t ha -1 ), SP 19257 (4.9 t ha -1 ), SP 19213 (4.6 t ha -1 ), SP 19251 (4.6 t ha -1 )] were significantly superior to the check 296 B (3.6 t ha -1 ). The panicle grain mold rating showed that one B-line of the A 2 CMS system SP 19257 (1.7) and two B-lines of the A 1 CMS system SP 18847 (2.0) and SP 18845 (2.0) were superior (where 1 = no grain mold infection and 5 = >75% infection) compared to the susceptible check 296B (3.0). Advanced B-line trial (ABT): An ABT consisting of 21 high-yielding B-lines selected from the evaluation of Preliminary B-line trial during the 2005 postrainy season was conducted during the 2006 rainy season. Fifteen of the test B-lines with grain yield ranging from 3.8 to 5.0 t ha -1 were on par with the check 296B (4.7 t ha -1 ). The most promising among them include SP 2863, SP 2305, SP 2781 and SP 2385. BVS Reddy 126
Milestone 5A.1.1.2: Five male-sterile lines resistant each to grain mold and shoot fly developed (BVSR/RPT/HCS/RS, 2008) Grain mold resistance: Grain mold is one of the major biotic constraints in grain sorghum during the rainy season. Efforts have been underway to develop new hybrid seed parents for grain mold resistance (GMR) as the available hybrid seed parents only possess moderate resistance levels. 1. A total of 26 F 6 progenies developed from the crosses involving grain mold resistant B-lines, grain mold resistant landraces and high-yielding B-lines were evaluated in a preliminary screening trial for GMR and also testcrossed to identify maintainer lines for conversion into male-sterile lines during the 2006 rainy season. The data from the screening nursery is awaited. From the breeding nursery, 35 F 7 s tolerant to grain mold (PGMR ≤5) and the desirable agronomic traits were produced and harvested along with their testcrosses for assessing their maintainer/restorer reaction 2. In an advanced screening trial for GMR, a total of 72 F 6 progenies developed from the crosses of grain mold resistant landraces, high-yielding B-lines and grain mold resistant breeding lines were evaluated during the 2006 rainy season. These progenies along with their testcrosses on known sources of A 1 and A 2 CMS systemsbased male-sterile lines were also evaluated in a separate nursery in the breeding block during the 2006 rainy season. The results from screening trial are awaited. A total of nine lines with GMR (PGMR ≤5) and maintainer reaction were selected from the breeding block nursery. They included two white grain lines and seven red grain lines. Shoot fly resistance: Shoot fly is one of the major biotic constraints in both rainy and postrainy seasons. Considering that the available seed parents bred for shoot fly resistance (SFR) possess only moderate resistance levels and grain yield potential, efforts are underway to develop and diversify seed parents for SFR. 1. A total of 110 rainy season-adapted F 7 progenies (which included 55 progenies with testcrosses and the remaining 55 yet to be testcrossed) derived from crosses involving shoot fly resistant B-lines and high-yielding B-lines were advanced with selection in 2005 postrainy season. Based on maintainer/restorer reaction, 36 testcrosses and parents were selected for backcrossing. However, backcrossing could be carried out only on 32 parents (BC 1 s). The remaining four testcrosses and parents will be advanced and testcrossed along with the evaluation and continuation of backcrossing of 32 BC 1 s (as set 1) in the 2006 rainy season. The 55 F 7 progenies (which were yet to be testcrossed) were testcrossed onto known A 1 and A 2 CMS systems-based male-sterile lines in 2005 postrainy season. Based on visual assessment of agronomic aspects, 39 testcrosses and parents were selected for assessing their maintainer/restorer reaction (as set 2) in the 2006 rainy season. • The set 1 (32 BC 1 s and 4 testcrosses parents) and set 2 (39 testcrosses parents) were screened for SFR in a screening block and also evaluated in a breeding block for a conversion program in the 2006 rainy season. In set 1, the deadhearts ranged from 40 to 69%. The resistant control (IS 18551) had 59% deadhearts and susceptible control (296 B) had 80% deadhearts. Corresponding BC 1 s in breeding block which showed below 60% deadhearts in screening block were further backcrossed and a total of 20 BC 2 s (8 on A 1 , 8 on A 2 and 4 A 1 and A 2 ) were selected. • In set 2, 35 testcrosses and parents and four parents to be testcrossed were screened for SFR in screening block and also evaluated in breeding block for conversion program in the 2006 rainy season. Due to very poor germination and crop establishment, data on deadhearts could not be recorded in the screening block. However, in the breeding block, based on agronomic performance, 10 testcross progenies with maintainer reaction (BC 1 s) (6 on A 1 and 4 on A 1 and A 2 ) were selected for screening for shoot fly resistance. BVS Reddy, RPThakur and HCSharma Advanced B-lines resistant to sorghum shoot fly: In an advanced B-line trial, 21 lines along with three checks viz., 296B, ICSB 52, and IS 14384 were evaluated for resistance to shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, during the 2006 postrainy season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on leaf glossiness score (1 = highly glossy, and 5 = non-glossy) and shoot fly deadhearts at 14 and 18 days after seedling emergence. The leaf glossy score ranged from 4.7 to 5.0 in the advanced B-lines compared to 5.0 in 296B and 2.7 in 127
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Page 82 and 83: Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
Page 84 and 85: Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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Page 90 and 91: during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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Page 96 and 97: To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
Page 98 and 99: Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
Page 100 and 101: Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
Page 102 and 103: Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
Page 108 and 109: Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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Page 112 and 113: The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
Page 114 and 115: Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Page 124 and 125: Output Target B5: New backcross pop
Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
Page 134 and 135: SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Page 138 and 139: complete block design with three re
Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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Page 156 and 157: Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
Page 160 and 161: Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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Page 164 and 165: Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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