ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses involving diverse germplasm and breeding lines for aflatoxin resistant traits
effected (SNN/RA/FW/PLK) Annual
Fifteen new crosses were made in the 2005/2006 post-rainy and the 2006 rainy seasons to develop aflatoxin tolerant
breeding lines. The new germplasm lines used in the crossing are ICG 1859, ICG 1326, ICG 3267, ICG 10097, and
ICG 3241.
SN Nigam and R Aruna
Milestone: 10 - 15 new high yielding, aflatoxin resistant lines identified and made available to NARS
(RA/SNN/FW/PLK) Annual
We evaluated 349 advanced breeding lines (including controls) in 12 replicated trials, and 308 advanced breeding
lines in 3 augmented trials for agronomic performance in the 2005/06 post-rainy and the 2006 rainy seasons under
normal conditions. All the entries in replicated trials were also grown in an A. flavus sick plot to record observations
on seed infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin production.
2005/2006 post-rainy season: In elite and advanced (Spanish) trials, none of the entries produced significantly
higher pod yield than the highest yielding controls. In the elite trial (Virginia type), ICGV 01001 (2.5 t ha -1 pod
yield, 0.3 % A. flavus seed infection, and 0.0 µg kg -1 aflatoxin production), ICGV 01002 (2.8 t ha -1 , 0.0 %, and 1.1
µg kg -1 ), ICGV 01120 (3.2 t ha -1 , 0.3 %, and 0.0 µg kg -1 ), and ICGV 02191 (3.0 t ha -1 , 0.0 %, and 0.0 µg kg -1 ) were
resistant to infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination compared to the resistant control J 11 (2.9 ± 0.13 t
ha -1 , 0.8 %, and 1.1 µg kg -1 ). In another advanced trial (Spanish), ICGV 03301 (2.9 t ha -1 , 6.3 %, and 1.2 µg kg -1 )
and ICGV 03328 (2.8 t ha -1 , 4.8 %, and 0.5 µg kg -1 ) were more resistant than the resistant control J 11 (2.4 ± 0.13 t
ha -1 , 2.5 %, and 222 µg kg -1 ). In advanced trial involving Virginia types, the performance of ICGV 03363, ICGV
03372, and ICGV 03373 for pod yield and % infection by A. flavus (4.7 t ha -1 , 0.3 %, and 733.5 µg kg -1 ; 4.4 t ha -1 ,
3.0 %, and 21.3 µg kg -1 ; and 4.9 t ha -1 , 0.8 %, and 148.0 µg kg -1 ) was superior to both resistant J 11 (3.9 ± 0.13 t ha -
1 , 1.8 %, and 4.3 µg kg -1 ) and susceptible control, JL 24 (3.7 ± 0.13 t ha -1 , 1.0 %, and 5.2 µg kg -1 ). However, none of
these entries were significantly superior to the highest yielding control ICGS 76 (4.3 ± 0.13 t ha -1 , 1.8 %, and 9.7 µg
kg -1 ) for pod yield. In a preliminary aflatoxin trial, five lines (4.0 - 4.7 ± 0.68 t ha -1 ) out-yielded the highest-yielding
control ICGS 11 (3.1 t ha -1 ). In augmented trial-1, ICGX 000109 (adjusted pod yield 4.9 t ha -1 ) gave significantly
higher yield than the highest yielding control ICGS 76 (4.9 t ha -1 ). In augmented trial - 3, ICGX 000021 (5.2 t ha -1 )
significantly out-yielded the highest yielding control ICGS 76 (5.0 t ha -1 ).
2006 rainy season: None of the entries significantly out-yielded the best control in the elite trials (Spanish and
Virginia). In the advanced trial - Spanish types, ICGV 04044 (3.9 t ha -1 pod yield, 64% shelling outturn, and 51 g
100-seed weight) and ICGV 04040 (3.9 t ha -1 , 65%, and 38 g) gave significantly higher pod yield than the highest
yielding and resistant control ICGS 11 (2.3 t ha -1 , 66%, and 35 g). The best entry, ICGV 04044 came from (ICGV
97077 x ICGV 91284) cross. In the advanced trial - Virginia types, ICGV 06348, ICGV 06344, and ICGV 06345
(3.6 - 3.3 ± 0.33 t ha -1 ) significantly out-yielded the highest yielding control ICGS 11 (2.3 t ha -1 , 60%, and 31 g).
The best entry ICGV 06348 came from (ICGV 98077 x ICGV 91284) cross. In the Augmented trial, three entries
significantly out yielded (adjusted pod yield 3.8 - 3.2 t ha -1 ) the best check ICGS 76 (3.1 t ha -1 ). The best entry in the
trial was ICGVX 000109 (3.8 t ha -1 ). Results of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination and aflatoxin content are
awaited. Six aflatoxin tolerant high yielding lines (ICGV 01060, ICGV 01094, ICGV 02171, ICGV 02184, 02206,
and ICGV 02207) were identified during the 2005/2006 post-rainy season for inclusion in international trials.
SN Nigam/R Aruna
Milestone: Preliminary, advanced and elite foliar disease resistant breeding lines evaluated for resistance A. flavus
and aflatoxin production under artificial inoculation conditions in the field and at least 5 resistant varieties
identified for commercialization (FW/SNN/PLK/RA) 2009
Milestone: Ten interspecific derivatives of groundnut evaluated for A. flavus and aflatoxin resistance and promising
lines identified (FW/NM/PLK) 2010
Sixty lines of advanced generation interspecific derivatives of groundnut generated using Arachis duranensis, A.
cardenasii and A. batizocoi are being screened for Aspergillus flavus colonization and aflatoxin production. The
results of the screening experiments are awaited.
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