ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorghum germplasm lines/breeding lines with stable and high grain Fe (40−50 ppm) and Zn (30−40 ppm) contents identified and their character association, and inheritance studied (2009) Activity 5C.1.1: Screening of germplasm and breeding lines for grain Fe and Zn and evaluating for grain yield and agronomic traits Milestone 5C.1.1.1: Five each of germplasm lines/breeding lines with stable and high grain Fe (40−50 ppm) and Zn (30−40 ppm) contents identified (BVSR/HDU, 2008) Core collection evaluation for micronutrient density A large number of germplasm accessions (2974) from the core collection of sorghum were evaluated for accessing genetic variability for grain Fe and Zn contents. As core germplasm captures most of the variability present in world collection (>37000) maintained at ICRISAT, the information on the genetic variability would enable identifying micronutrient-rich lines for use in crossing with agronomically elite lines to generate exploitable variability to develop micronutrient-dense cultivars and hybrid parents. It would also enable identifying contrasting parents for effecting crosses to identify transgressive segregants and to develop mapping populations for identifying molecular markers linked to loci controlling grain Fe and Zn contents. The core collection along with four control lines known for their Fe and Zn contents were evaluated in an augmented design at ICRISAT, Patancheru in 2005 postrainy season. For the sake of convenience, the accessions were evaluated (in contiguous blocks) as three separate groups classified based on days to 50% flowering (early: ≤65 days; medium: 66 to 80 days; late: >80 days). The early group comprising 1095 accessions along with 4 checks (repeated 11 times); the medium group comprising 1128 accessions along with 4 checks (repeated 12 times); and the late group comprising 751 accessions along with 4 checks (repeated 8 times). Each accession was sown in one row of 2 m length. In each accession, the border plants were left for open-pollination and all others were selfed. The data were collected on days to 50% flowering, plant height, grain yield, 100-grain weight, grain color, plant agronomic aspect, panicle shape, panicle compactness, glume color, glume coverage, and presence/absence of seed sub-coat. Grain samples from some of the accessions could not be collected due to severe bird damage. In a few accessions, the available grains were not sufficient for estimation of Fe and Zn contents. The grain samples harvested from selfed panicles of 702 accessions of early maturity, 461 accessions of medium maturity, and 238 accessions of late maturity (making a total of 1401 accessions), and the grain samples harvested from open-pollinated panicles of 118 accessions of early maturity, 69 accessions of medium maturity, and 21 accessions of late maturity (making a total of 208 accessions) where sufficient quantities were available processed and sent to ICRISAT’s analytical services laboratory for grain Fe and Zn contents estimation. A large variability for grain Fe (7.7 ppm to 132.6 ppm) and Zn (15.1 ppm to 91.3 ppm) was observed among the 1401 accessions. The variability observed in core collection is much higher than that reported earlier, based on screening of 86 genotypes consisting of germplasm lines, hybrid parents of released/marketed hybrids and popular varieties. Interestingly, white grain accessions used for human consumption in India had on an average 43.6 ppm Fe and 35.1 ppm Zn which was marginally higher than those with colored grains (40.4 to 42.6 ppm Fe and 30.9 to 34.0 ppm Zn). The average Fe and Zn contents of accessions with testa (42.5 ppm Fe and 34.2 ppm Zn) and without testa (42.9 ppm Fe and 33.2 ppm Zn) were comparable. However, endosperm texture and grain size have significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents. While the accessions with higher than 75% corneous endosperm had 56.2 ppm Fe and 44.3 ppm Zn contents, those with 0% to 75% corneous endosperm had less than 44.8 ppm Fe and 35.0 ppm Zn. The texture of endosperm has significance in food preparations. While grains with 50% corneous endosperm are useful for preparation of ‘roti’ or ‘chapati’ (unleavened bread), the most popular food forms of sorghum grains in India; and for ‘ingera’ (leavened bread), the most popular food forms of sorghum grains in some parts of Africa, those with more than 75% corneous endosperm are useful for the preparation of ‘to’ the most popular food form of sorghum grains in some parts of Africa. Accessions with small grains (with
Milestone 5C.1.1.2: Correlations of grain Fe and Zn contents with grain yield and size and agronomic traits estimated (BVSR, 2008) Correlations of grain Fe and Zn contents with agronomic and grain traits in 1394 core germplasm lines were estimated. Fairly higher correlation (r = 0.6) between grain Fe and Zn contents suggests ample scope for simultaneous improvement of both the micronutrients in sorghum. Though correlation of grain Fe and Zn contents with days to 50% flowering (0.1 for Fe and 0.2 for Zn), plant height (0.2 for Fe and 0.4 for Zn) is significant and positive, the lower magnitude of the correlation suggests near independence of the crop growth traits and grain micronutrients contents. The results indicate that sorghum grain Fe and Zn contents can be improved in different maturity and plant stature backgrounds. Similarly, significant negative but lower magnitudes of correlation of grain Fe and Zn contents with grain yield (-0.2 Fe and -0.2 Zn) and grain size (-0.1 Fe and -0.1 Zn) suggest that it is possible to enhance grain Fe and Zn contents in high-yielding backgrounds with large grains. BVS Reddy Milestone 5C.1.1.3: G × E interactions for grain Fe and Zn contents assessed (BVSR/HDU, 2008) With a view to assess the effect of soil micronutrient fertilization on sorghum grain micronutrient contents, a set of selected 12 sorghum lines (including hybrid seed parents, restorer lines and popular varieties) contrasting (high and low) for grain Fe and Zn contents were grown in vertisols (medium black soil) and alfisols (red sandy loam soils) with a combination of five different levels of micronutrients in 2005 postrainy season. To rule out the possible confounding effect of deficiency (as is true in experimental field soils of ICRISAT) of other micronutrients such as boron (B) and sulphur (S), Fe and Zn fertilization was combined with recommended levels of boron and sulphur. The five fertilization levels were-first level (T 1 ): recommended NPK + zero micronutrients; second level (T 2 ): recommended NPK + recommended Fe @ 10 kg ha -1 ; (T 3 ): recommended NPK + recommended Fe @ 10 kg ha -1 + recommended S @ 30 kg ha -1 + recommended B @ 0.5 kg ha -1 ; fourth level (T 4 ): recommended NPK + Zn @ 10 kg ha -1 + recommended S @ 30 kg ha -1 + recommended B @ 0.5 kg ha -1 ; and fifth level (T 5 ): recommended NPK + Zn @ 10 kg ha -1 (Table 3). The experiment was laid out in strip-plot design with three replications. The data were collected on plant growth traits such as days to 50% flowering, plant height, 100-grain weight, grain color, panicle shape, panicle compactness, glume color, glume coverage, grain color, presence/absence of seed sub coat and grain yield. Hand threshed selfed seed samples from each entry grown at each fertilizer level and each replication were analyzed for grain Fe and Zn contents in soil chemistry laboratory at ICRISAT, Patancheru. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant mean squares due to genotype and first-order interaction of genotype with soil type and second-order interaction of genotype with soil type and different micronutrient fertilization levels for grain Fe and Zn contents as expected. While soil type did not have significant effect on grain Zn content of the test sorghum lines, it did have significant effect on grain Fe content. Interestingly, non-significant variance due to micronutrient fertilization levels per se suggested poor evidence on the influence of soil micronutrient fertilization on grain Fe and Zn contents in any particular soil type. However, significant mean squares due to interaction of micronutrient fertilization levels with soil type indicated that grain Zn content (but not Fe content) of the genotypes varied with a given combination of micronutrient level and soil type. The ANOVA indicates only overall trend in variation of lines for grain micronutrient contents as influenced by micronutrient fertilization, and it does not reveal pattern of variation when pair-wise fertilization level effects are examined. For example, mean performance of the lines at different fertilization levels indicated that grain Fe and Zn contents were significantly higher without micronutrient fertilization compared those with both Fe and Zn fertilization per se or in combination with boron and sulphur. However, there were no differences in grain Fe and Zn contents of the lines grown in any of the micronutrient levels. It appears that micronutrient fertilization does not influence the grain micronutrient contents. The results are based on single year and single location data with rather smaller plot size. Further experimentation is needed to confirm these results. BVS Reddy, HD Upadhyaya and KL Sahrawat 171
Page 2 and 3:
© International Crops Research Ins
Page 4 and 5:
Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
Page 6 and 7:
In April 2005 and again in August 2
Page 8 and 9:
Handling new districts: Since 1970,
Page 10 and 11:
food security for their families. E
Page 12 and 13:
This PRA was followed by a structur
Page 14 and 15:
vary by zone, household, and farm c
Page 16 and 17:
The study hypothesizes that demand
Page 18 and 19:
Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 20 and 21:
Objectives: Identify production and
Page 22 and 23:
Research, practice and coalition bu
Page 24 and 25:
initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
Page 26 and 27:
Based on the recommendation of the
Page 28 and 29:
Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 30 and 31:
social capital in the nexus of tech
Page 32 and 33:
Scaling out of agricultural technol
Page 34 and 35:
These economic research results hav
Page 36 and 37:
due to population pressure and sub-
Page 38 and 39:
Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
Page 40 and 41:
in the rural Indian diet over the p
Page 42 and 43:
analysis of the sources of risk, ef
Page 44 and 45:
problems that would otherwise invol
Page 46 and 47:
Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
Page 48 and 49:
environment two entries (2130 - 232
Page 50 and 51:
Output target A.4: Germplasm access
Page 52 and 53:
Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
Page 54 and 55:
(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
Page 56 and 57:
greater inflorescence length than a
Page 58 and 59:
Output target C.1: Core and mini co
Page 60 and 61:
Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
Page 62 and 63:
Table 5. Number of missing data, al
Page 64 and 65:
analyses showed a strong genetic st
Page 66 and 67:
Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
Page 68 and 69:
(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
Page 70 and 71:
Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
Page 72 and 73:
Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
Page 74 and 75:
Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
Page 76 and 77:
in both groups. Among the genotypes
Page 78 and 79:
The genotyping of reference collect
Page 80 and 81:
Output target C.9: Broadening the g
Page 82 and 83:
Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
Page 84 and 85:
Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
Page 86 and 87:
IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
Page 88 and 89:
Project 3 Producing more and better
Page 90 and 91:
during the ongoing off-season. Geno
Page 92 and 93:
glumes make threshing difficult. Th
Page 94 and 95:
organizations, and development proj
Page 96 and 97:
To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
Page 98 and 99:
Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
Page 100 and 101:
Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
Page 102 and 103:
Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
Page 104 and 105:
two countries. Formal release has b
Page 106 and 107:
Information was also disseminated u
Page 108 and 109:
Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
Page 110 and 111:
for localized breeding and testing
Page 112 and 113:
The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
Page 114 and 115:
Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
Page 116 and 117:
will be implemented through researc
Page 118 and 119:
interpreted with caution. Different
Page 120 and 121:
Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
Page 122 and 123:
proven in target areas. This projec
Page 124 and 125: Output Target B5: New backcross pop
Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 130 and 131: Project 5 Producing more and better
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
Page 134 and 135: SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
Page 136 and 137: Grain mold resistance in selections
Page 138 and 139: complete block design with three re
Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
Page 146 and 147: through bulk storage and marketing
Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
Page 150 and 151: advancement. These 352 progenies al
Page 152 and 153: and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
Page 154 and 155: (check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
Page 156 and 157: Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
Page 160 and 161: Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
Page 162 and 163: fertile hybrids, the promising comb
Page 164 and 165: Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
Page 178 and 179: highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
Page 180 and 181: 18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
Page 182 and 183: Project 6 Producing more and better
Page 184 and 185: equired for disease development. Di
Page 186 and 187: In the advanced Spanish type trial
Page 188 and 189: TSV infection was recorded both on
Page 190 and 191: Genotype Generation Wild species us
Page 192 and 193: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
Page 194 and 195: Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
Page 196 and 197: BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
Page 198 and 199: a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
Page 200 and 201: cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
Page 202 and 203: UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
Page 204 and 205: selection of material for use as pa
Page 206 and 207: damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
Page 208 and 209: Characterization of variability in
Page 210 and 211: Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
Page 212 and 213: Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
Page 214 and 215: Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
Page 216 and 217: Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
Page 218 and 219: Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
Page 220 and 221: Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
Page 222 and 223: ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
Page 224 and 225:
The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
Page 226 and 227:
Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
Page 228 and 229:
Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
Page 230 and 231:
Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
Page 232 and 233:
Progress reported towards the achie
Page 234 and 235:
Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
Page 236 and 237:
Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
Page 238 and 239:
Milestone: Botanicals with ability
Page 240 and 241:
Table 2. Screening different botani
Page 242 and 243:
plots. The results clearly suggest
Page 244 and 245:
During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
Page 246 and 247:
Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
Page 248 and 249:
from both savings in inputs (labor
Page 250 and 251:
Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
Page 252 and 253:
Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
Page 254 and 255:
guidelines were understood from pro
Page 256 and 257:
Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
Page 258 and 259:
Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
Page 260 and 261:
ensure internalization of the sugge
Page 262 and 263:
goat and cattle management and mark
Page 264 and 265:
and risk coping strategies of pasto
Page 266 and 267:
indicators of biodiversity loss, an
Page 268 and 269:
iological condition as a prerequisi
Page 270 and 271:
West and Central Africa • Pomme d
Page 272 and 273:
grazing (in the still grazed plots)
Page 274 and 275:
2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
Page 276 and 277:
example, phane is sold dried withou
Page 278 and 279:
with sub outcropping that geologica
Page 280 and 281:
2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
Page 282 and 283:
Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
Page 284 and 285:
Key problem Key manifestations Effe
Page 286 and 287:
Key problem Socioeconomic condition
Page 288 and 289:
2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
Page 290 and 291:
2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
Page 292 and 293:
production and rehabilitating the d
Page 294 and 295:
2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
Page 296 and 297:
leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
Page 298 and 299:
This work is carried out in close c
Page 300 and 301:
indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
Page 302 and 303:
3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
Page 304 and 305:
sources of income for the rural com
Page 306 and 307:
2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
Page 308 and 309:
The conversion of local Ziziphus us
Page 310 and 311:
• The re-appearance of some wild
Page 312 and 313:
D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
Page 314 and 315:
2.2.5 Projected potential impact
Page 316 and 317:
afford. Another constraint to rehab
Page 318 and 319:
In all the four countries in WCA, e
Page 320 and 321:
Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
Page 322 and 323:
Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
Page 324 and 325:
Milestones contributing to Output 9
Page 326 and 327:
Unfortunately, for most countries g
Page 328 and 329:
and grain production in almost all
Page 330 and 331:
a) N stress in the rotation - resid
Page 332 and 333:
the proposition that resource const
Page 334 and 335:
Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
Page 336 and 337:
• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
Page 338 and 339:
potential for use by smallholder fa
Page 340 and 341:
The first step in the collaboration
Page 342 and 343:
Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
Page 344 and 345:
ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
Page 346 and 347:
Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
Page 348 and 349:
Each participating farmer grew crop
Page 350 and 351:
fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
Page 352 and 353:
additional technological and resour
Page 354 and 355:
Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
Page 356 and 357:
learned by piloting the development
Page 358 and 359:
Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
Page 360 and 361:
Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
Page 362 and 363:
Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
Page 364 and 365:
Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
Page 366 and 367:
Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
Page 368 and 369:
Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
Page 370 and 371:
Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
Page 372 and 373:
Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
Page 374 and 375:
Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
Page 376 and 377:
Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
Page 378 and 379:
Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
Page 380 and 381:
Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
Page 382 and 383:
Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
Page 384 and 385:
Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
Page 386 and 387:
Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
Page 388 and 389:
Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
Page 390 and 391:
Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
Page 392 and 393:
Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
Page 394 and 395:
Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
Page 396 and 397:
Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
Page 398 and 399:
News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
Page 400 and 401:
News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
Page 402 and 403:
Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
Page 404 and 405:
Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
Page 406 and 407:
Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
Page 408 and 409:
Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
Page 410 and 411:
Electronic modules (Websites) devel
Page 412 and 413:
Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
Page 414 and 415:
Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
Page 416:
Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
show all

ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?