ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping based on F 6 RILs and F 2:4 progenies from two crosses completed and results compared (CTH/SS/RPT/RS, 2008) To be reported in 2008 Milestone 5A.4.1.2: Genetically diverse parents of mapping populations identified and crossed to generate F 6 RILs (CTH/KNR/RPT/RS, 2007) To be reported in 2007 Activity 5A.4.2: Map-directed conventional backcrossing and marker-assisted backcrossing of DM resistance QTLs into parental lines of hybrids Milestone 5A.4.2.1: Ten major QTL imparting resistance against specific DM pathtypes identified (CTH/RPT/RS, 2007) To be reported in 2007 Milestone 5A.4.2.2: Near-isogenic lines containing different DM resistance genes (QTL) developed (RPT/RS/CTH, 2010) Near-isogenic lines of pearl millet possessing resistance genes effective against different pathotypes of DM can be used as a set of host differentials for monitoring virulence shift in the pathogen isolates. A number of DM resistance QTLs effective against different pathotypes have been mapped from different resistance sources and introgression of these QTLs into elite B-lines is in progress. During 2006, we evaluated in greenhouse about 560 backcross progenies in different generations (BC 3F1.F2 to BC 6F1 ) against two pathotypes Sg 298 (New Delhi) and Sg 409 (Patancheru). These progenies carried the DM resistance QTLs from IP 18293, P 1449-2 and 863B-P 2 that were introgressed into three elite hybrid parents 843B, 81B and 841B. About 15 to 30% of the progenies in the phenotypic background of the above three B-lines were found resistant (≤10% incidence) compared to 84−99% incidence on the susceptible checks. Several other DM resistance QTLs have been introgressed into 843B and these are at different stages of development. Detailed data analysis is in progress. RP Thakur and CT Hash Milestone 5A.4.2.3: QTL with known effects against diverse pathotypes pyramided in 843B and other parental lines and their resistance levels determined (CTH/RPT/RS, 2010) QTL with known effects against diverse pathotypes pyramided in 843B and other parental lines and their resistance levels determined (CTH/RPT/RS, 2010) Single QTL introgression continued (see Milestone 5A.4.2.4 below) to maximize recovery of hybrid parental line recurrent parent genetic backgrounds, which must be completed before initiation of a crossing and marker-assisted selection program to pyramid QTLs from different sources in common recurrent parental line backgrounds in a species such as pearl millet where marker distribution and density is less than optimal. Milestone 5A.4.2.4: Several different single-QTL introgression homozygotes available in genetic backgrounds of two elite seed parents (CTH/RPT/RS, 2007) A major QTL for downy mildew resistance, from linkage group 4 of 863B-P2, was advanced from BC6F1 to BC6F2/BC7F1 pairs and from BC5F2 to BC5F3 progenies in the genetic background of ICMB 841. Backcrossing advanced by two generations to BC4F2/BC5F1 pairs for several downy mildew resistance QTLs from donor P1449- 2-P1 in the genetic background of 843B. The resistant allele for one of these QTLs is linked to the tall height allele at the d2 dwarfing gene locus on pearl millet linkage group 4. Similarly, backcrossing advanced by one generation to BC3F2/BC4F1 pairs for several downy mildew resistance QTLs from donor IP 18293 in the genetic background of elite seed parent maintainer lines 81B and 843B. Milestone 5A.4.2.5: Several different multiple-QTL introgression homozygotes available in genetic backgrounds of an elite restorer line and three diverse elite seed parents (CTH/TN/SS/RPT/RS, 2009) 152
Crossing was initiated for marker-assisted backcrossing programs to introgress downy mildew resistance QTLs from several donor parents (including P1449-2, P310-17, ICMB 90111-P6, PRLT 2/89-33 and 863B-P2) into the genetic backgrounds of several elite hybrid parental lines chosen by national program partners in India (including restorer lines J 2340, H 77/29-2 and ICMR 01004 as well as seed parent maintainer lines HMS 7B, ICMB 93333, and ICMB 95444). Output target 5A.5: Virulence changes in pearl millet DM pathogen populations determined (2009) Activity 5A.5.1: Conduct field and laboratory studies to monitor the nature of virulence change in DM pathogen populations Milestone 5A.5.1.1: Ten to fifteen DM isolates each from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh characterized for pathogenicity and virulence (RPT/RS/KNR/RB, 2008) Characterization of isolates of Sclerospora graminicola for pathogenicity and virulence: Isolates collected from highly susceptible pearl millet cultivars during on-farm survey are characterized for pathogenicity and virulence. Highly virulent isolates thus identified are used for screening breeding lines for developing downy mildew resistant hybrid parental lines. Pathogenic variation: Eleven isolates collected from five districts (Jamnagar, Anand, Kheda, Banaskantha and Gandhinagar) of Gujarat during the on-farm survey of 1998−2005 were established on potted pearl millet seedlings of 7042S in a glasshouse. The pathogenicity and virulence diversity of these isolates were determined by inoculating the pot-grown seedlings of a set of eight host differential lines (P 7-4, P 310-17, 700651, 7042R, IP 18292, IP 18293, 852B and ICMP 451) and a susceptible check 7042S. The experiment was conducted with 11 isolates, 9 host differentials and 3 replications with 30−35 seedlings/replication in a completely randomized design (CRD). The latent period 50% was recorded from 4 th day onwards after inoculation and disease incidence 2 weeks after inoculation. Based on latent period 50% and disease incidence, virulence index (disease incidence × latent period -1 ) was calculated to measure the quantitative virulence of the isolates. The results indicated that of the 11 isolates Sg 441 and Sg 445 (from Banaskantha) were the more virulent with mean incidence of 78−84% across 9 host differentials, and Sg 348 (from Anand) was the least virulent (26% incidence). The dendrogram based on the virulence index using the Euclidean square distances (the average linkage cluster analysis) classified these isolates (at 90% similarity coefficient) into four groups- Sg 200, Sg 348 and Sg 442 in Gr 1 (less virulent); Sg 432, Sg 438, Sg 439, and Sg 440 in Gr 2 (moderately virulent); Sg 435 and Sg 437 in Gr 3 (virulent) and Sg 441 and Sg 445 in Gr 4 (highly virulent). The isolate Sg 445 is currently being used to screen breeding lines targeted for Gujarat. RP Thakur Effectiveness of pathotypes mixture for screening breeding lines: Development of improved breeding lines as potential parental lines (A-, B- and R-lines) of hybrids with high level of DM resistance has been the major research focus at ICRISAT. These breeding lines are routinely screened against individual pathotypes in succession to identify those with resistance to single or multiple pathotypes. Many times, a question is asked what if the pearl millet lines could be evaluated against a mixture of pathotypes instead against individual pathotypes in order to reduce time and save resources. To address this issue, an experiment was conducted to test the relative efficacy mixture of two pathotypes - Sg 150 from Jalna, and Sg 212 from Durgapura along with the individual pathotypes for screening pearl millet lines. Twelve pearl millet lines (P 7-4, P 310-17, 700651, 7042R, 852B, 834B, 843B, IP 18292, IP 18293, 863B, ICMB 03999 and S 2003-188) known for their differential reactions to these pathotypes and two susceptible checks (7042S and ICMP 451) were used. Experiment was conducted in CRD with three treatments of pathogen and 14 genotypes in 6 replications (one pot/replication with 35−40 seedlings). The experiment was repeated to confirm the results. The results indicated that the pearl millet lines that were highly susceptible to either or both pathotypes were also highly susceptible to pathotype mixture, and the lines that were not highly susceptible to either of the pathotype had average susceptibility. Thus, the use of pathotype mixture would serve the purpose of discarding the highly susceptible lines. However, screening against specific pathotypes may provide more reliable data on resistance levels of the genotypes. RP Thakur 153
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Page 112 and 113: The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 130 and 131: Project 5 Producing more and better
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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Page 136 and 137: Grain mold resistance in selections
Page 138 and 139: complete block design with three re
Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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Page 160 and 161: Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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Page 164 and 165: Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
Page 174 and 175: I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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Page 182 and 183: Project 6 Producing more and better
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Page 186 and 187: In the advanced Spanish type trial
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Page 194 and 195: Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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