ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Output target C.1: Core and mini core subsets of germplasm established for utilization (2010) Activity C.1.1: Establish core and mini core collections of staple crops and small millets Milestone C.1.1.1: Mini core sub set of pigeonpea germplasm established (HDU/CLLG, 2006) A mini core of pigeon pea consisting of 146 accessions was constituted, by evaluating a core collection of 1256 accessions. Validation of mini core by examination of data for various morphological and agronomic traits indicated that almost the entire genetic variation and a majority of co adapted gene complexes present in core subset are preserved in the mini core collection. Due to its greatly reduced size, the mini core subset will provide a more economical starting point for proper exploitation of pigeonpea genetic resources for crop improvement for food, feed, fuel, and other agricultural and medicinal purposes. A journal article on the development of finger millet mini core subset has been published Crop Science (46: 2127-2132). HD Upadhyaya and CLL Gowda Milestone C.1.1.2: Mini core subset of sorghum established (HDU/CLLG, 2008) Data analysis and assessment of diversity is in progress for establishment of sorghum mini core subset. HD Upadhyaya and CLL Gowda Milestone C.1.1.3: Mini core subset of finger millet established (HDU/CLLG, 2009) Milestone C.1.1.4: Core subset of foxtail millet established (CLLG/HDU, 2010) Output target C.2: Composite sets of germplasm established for utilization (2008) Activity C.2.1: Establish germplasm composite sets of staple crops and small millets Milestone C.2.1.1: Germplasm composite sets for groundnut, pigeonpea, and pearl millet (1000 accessions each) established (HDU/RB/CLLG/RKV/DH/CTH/SS/SC/KBS/RPT/KNR, 2007) Groundnut: Composite collection comprising of 911 accessions from ICRISAT and 192 from EMBRAPA was developed using phenotypic characterization & evaluation data. The composite set included 184 accessions each of groundnut mini core collection (Upadhyaya et al, 2002) and mini core comparator. Among these 50 accessions are chilling tolerant at germination (Upadhyaya et al., 2001) and 18 accessions are drought tolerant (Upadhyaya, 2005a). We included 50 accessions from groundnut mini core for Asia region and 60 accessions having traits of economic importance from groundnut core collection for Asia region (Upadhyaya et al., 2005b). We included 36 elite/released varieties (27 from breeding and 9 from germplasm), and lines resistant to biotic stresses (5 leaf miner, 1 aphid, 10 jassid, 4 thrips, 7 termite, 2 PMV, and 12 rosette, 27 A. flavus/aflatoxin, 9 bacterial wilt, 7 bud necrosis, 7 early leaf spot, 14 late leaf spot, and 5 LLS & rust resistant interspecific derivates, 15 rust, 9 stem and pod rot, 41 multiple resistant). (Table 1). We also included 41 drought tolerant, 6 fresh seed dormancy lines, 4 high nitrogen fixing lines, 5 non-nodulating, 25 early maturing, 16 large seeded, 10 high shelling percentage, 9 high oil containing, 9 high protein containing, beside 26 accessions for morphological variants. To represent wild species of Arachis species, 52 accessions of 14 species were included (Table 2). Table 2. Composite collection of groundnut Character Number of accessions Character Number of accessions Mini core (50 chilling tolerant, 184 Rust resistant 15 18 high SPAD) Mini core comparator 184 Stem & pod rot resistant 9 Asia mini core 50 Multiple resistant 41 Best accessions from Asia core 60 Drought tolerant 41 Released/elite cultivar 36 Fresh seed dormancy 6 Leaf miner 5 High biological nitrogen 4 fixation Aphid resistant 1 Non-nodulating 5 Jassid resistant 10 Early maturing 25 54
Character Number of accessions Character Number of accessions Thrip resistant 4 Large seeded 16 Termite tolerant 7 High Shelling turn over 10 Peanut mottle virus 2 High oil content 9 Rosette virus resistant 12 High protein content 9 A. flavus resistant 27 High SPAD 1 Bacteria wilt resistant 9 Interspecific derivates 5 Bud necrosis resistant 7 Morphological variance 26 Early leaf spot resistant 7 Used by Morag Ferguson 18 Late leaf spot resistant 14 14 wild Arachis species (2 batizocoi, 7 cardenasii, 1 chiquitana, 1 diogoi (chacoensis), 19 duranensis, 2 hoehnei, 1 ipaensis, 2 kempffmercadoi, 3 monticola, 1 paraguariensis, 1 stenophylla, 9 stenosperma, 2 villosa, and 1 villosulicarpa) 52 (1 each resistant to thrips and rust, and ELS, 2 each resistant to LLS and root rots, 3 for high SPAD, and 9 multiple resistant accessions) HD Upadhyaya, R Bhattacharjee, CLL Gowda, RK Varshney and DA Hoisington. Pigeonpea: Pigeonpea composite collection consisting of 1000 accessions was constituted based on phenotypic, taxonomic and characterization/evaluation data The composite collection includes accessions – minicore collection (146), minicore comparator (146), from core collection (236), superior morpho-agronomic traits (301), resistant to biotic stresses (74), resistant to abiotic stresses (14), elite/released cultivars (20), and 65 accessions of 7 wild species (Table 3). Table 3. Composite collection of pigeonpea Type of material No. of No. of Type of material accessions accessions Mini core collection 146 Abiotic stresses 14 Comparator 146 Drought 7 Checks 4 Water logging 3 Resistant sources: Salinity 4 Biotic stresses 75 Trait specific selections 306 Pod borer 20 High nodulation 2 Pod fly 5 Photoperiod insensitive 4 Pod borer and pod fly 4 Agroforestry 7 Wilt 6 Forage 6 Sterility mosaic 16 Vegetable 7 Alternaria blight 7 High protein 20 Phytophthora blight 6 Released cultivars 16 Stem canker 5 Morpho-agronomic traits 244 Nematodes 6 Wild species 65 Others 244 HD Upadhyaya, R Bhattacharjee, CLL Gowda, RK Varshney, DA Hoisington and KB Saxena. 55
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
Page 8 and 9: Handling new districts: Since 1970,
Page 10 and 11: food security for their families. E
Page 12 and 13: This PRA was followed by a structur
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Page 16 and 17: The study hypothesizes that demand
Page 18 and 19: Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 20 and 21: Objectives: Identify production and
Page 22 and 23: Research, practice and coalition bu
Page 24 and 25: initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
Page 26 and 27: Based on the recommendation of the
Page 28 and 29: Collaborating Institutions and Scie
Page 30 and 31: social capital in the nexus of tech
Page 32 and 33: Scaling out of agricultural technol
Page 34 and 35: These economic research results hav
Page 36 and 37: due to population pressure and sub-
Page 38 and 39: Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
Page 40 and 41: in the rural Indian diet over the p
Page 42 and 43: analysis of the sources of risk, ef
Page 44 and 45: problems that would otherwise invol
Page 46 and 47: Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
Page 48 and 49: environment two entries (2130 - 232
Page 50 and 51: Output target A.4: Germplasm access
Page 52 and 53: Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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Page 60 and 61: Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
Page 62 and 63: Table 5. Number of missing data, al
Page 64 and 65: analyses showed a strong genetic st
Page 66 and 67: Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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Page 76 and 77: in both groups. Among the genotypes
Page 78 and 79: The genotyping of reference collect
Page 80 and 81: Output target C.9: Broadening the g
Page 82 and 83: Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
Page 84 and 85: Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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Page 90 and 91: during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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Page 96 and 97: To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
Page 98 and 99: Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
Page 100 and 101: Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
Page 102 and 103: Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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