ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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proven in target areas. This project therefore aims to transfer the terminal drought tolerance genomic segments (QTLs) in donor parents B 35 and E 36-1 into five commercial, locally adapted, open pollinated farmer-preferred sorghum varieties in Kenya, Uganda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Sudan. Subsequently, the efficiency and effectiveness of marker assisted breeding for stay green trait in sorghum backgrounds selected from these countries will be determined. An integral part of the project’s objectives is to enhance the capacity of scientists in the participating countries in marker assisted breeding technologies. To this end, a one-week a training course for seven scientists, technicians and MSc students involved in the project was organized in November 2006 at the ICRISAT/BecA lab in ILRI,Nairobi. It was organized in collaboration with Nairobi University and the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). Participants were trained in DNA extraction, quantification and quality checks using agarose gel electrophoresis and purity tests using nanodrop spectrophometer. They were also trained in PCR optimization and genotyping using capillary electrophoresis. The project teams will now generate the backcrosses and using the skills gained, come back to the ICRISAT/BecA lab for genotyping. D Kiambi and T Hash Output Target B2: A diversified set of sorghum varieties tested for sensitivity to photo-periodism by 2011 Activity B2.1: Develop marker assisted breeding program for the photoperiod sensitive sorghum to enhance adaptability and productivity Milestone B2.1.1: Capability of a diversified set of sorghum varieties to sense the rate of change of photo-periodism clarified by 2008 (MAM, SGM) Work starts in 2007 and no progress is due for 2006 Milestone B2.1.2: Segregating populations for photoperiod sensitivity and stay green evaluated using molecular markers from 2009 (MAM, SGM) Work starts in 2007 and no progress is due for 2006 Activity B2.2: Integrate drought tolerant sorghum and millet varieties with water management to improve productivity for sorghum and millet Milestone B2.2.1: Adaptable drought tolerant varieties for evaluation with water management technologies identified by 2007 Participatory approaches to identify crop water productivity enhancing technologies (IGNRM) Total crop production needs to increase under increasing water scarcity. The Challenge Program Water for food (CPWF) seeks to identify and deploy interventions that can contribute to increasing food production and saving or using water more efficiently. One of the interventions can be improvement of genetic resources (germplasm) for drought resistance and integrate these with water management technologies. The Challenge Program Water for Food Project no 1 focuses on integrating improved crop varieties with soil fertility and water management to enhance crop water productivity and partnership linkages with markets to improve profitability. Participatory approaches were deployed with NARS partners of Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe collaborating in the CPWFPN1 to identify adaptable crop varieties for evaluation with water management technologies. These include released crop technologies of sorghum, pearl millet, maize, legumes and groundnut varieties. Exploratory field trials comparing the productivity (crop productivity as a measure of water productivity in rainfed situations) of different crop species and varieties using different water conservation techniques and fertilizer use strategies were established in Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Trials mostly followed the Mother-Baby technique with one complete replication of a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial trial in a village and several partial replications of this trial established on fields of nearby farmers. Results from the first year of trials have helped refine the focus of future field work in the project for the 2006/07 season. The total numbers of the crop varieties x soil fertility x water management technologies that will be evaluated with farmers in the 2006/07 season are 485, 108 and 47 for Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique respectively. Training on crop varieties, seed production and water management techniques was provided to 86 collaborators from extension and farming communities of the three target countries MA Mgonja and Sakile Kudita 118
Output Target B4: Diverse array of farmer/market preferred varieties and germplasm lines to which breeders can efficiently introgress resistances through MAB Activity B4.1: Evaluate with farmer participation released and farmer varieties to identify target groundnut varieties for Marker Assisted Backcross (MAB) improvement Milestone B4.1.1: A groundnut working collection of at least 15 farmer- and market-preferred varieties, as the basis of a marker-assisted breeding program established by 2008 (ESM) Evaluation of groundnut lines and Elite Varieties for Resistance to Rosette, ELS, Rust and Adaptability for different ESA agro-ecologies: Four nurseries were evaluated for different groundnut production constraints in ESA at the ICRISAT Chitedze Research Center in Malawi. Details of performance of each set of trials for given constraints are reported. The following are top entries in the Elite Trials for the particular constraints tested: • Under High Rosette disease pressure, the top three entries in the Elite (Spanish) Trial are: ICGV-SM 01515, ICGV-SM 99529 and ICGV-SM 01501 yield range 1.11 – 1.62 t ha -1 vs 0.51 t ha -1 for the check JL 24. • Under High Rosette disease pressure, the top three entries in the Elite (Virginia) Trial are: ICGV-SM 88710, ICGV-SM 01710 and ICGV-SM 01708 yield range 1.22 – 1.78 t ha -1 vs 0.78 t ha -1 for the check CG 7. • Under High ELS disease pressure, the top three entries in the Elite Trial are: ICGV-SM 95741, ICGV-SM 95713 and ICGV-SM 96678 yield range 0.76 – 1.18 t ha -1 vs 0.61 t ha -1 for the check JL 24. • Rust and Late Leaf Spot were not in epidemic proportions – however the top three entries in the Elite (Spanish) were 86-87/175(b), 86-87/175-3, and 92R/70-4 yield range 3.00 – 3.39 t ha -1 vs 1.06 t ha -1 for the check JL 24. • Similarly for the Elite Virginia Trial, top entries were ICGV 95346, RMP 12, and ICGV 90092 yield range 1.43 – 2.00 t ha -1 vs 1.24 t ha -1 for the check CG 7. • Drought was not serious. Nevertheless the top three entries in the Elite (Spanish) were ICGV-SM 03535, ICGV-SM 03521, and ICGV-SM 03502 yield range 2.53 – 3.27 t ha -1 vs 1.60 t ha -1 for the check JL 24. Three Regional Elite Nurseries (Spanish, Virginia and Valencia) were widely distributed across countries in ESA for evaluation and for selection of Elite varieties for national release in Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The following are highlights of performance data for some of the varieties in reporting countries. Highlights of the Spanish type varietal trial results are reported here. The Regional Elite Groundnut Variety Trial (Spanish): • In Malawi, the top three varieties under high rosette disease pressure were ICGV-SM 01514, ICGV-SM 01506, ICGV-SM 01513, yielding 1.3 – 1.6 t ha-1 compared to the released resistant check ICG 12991 (0.7 t ha-1) or the standard check JL 24 (0.21 t ha-1), a yield advantage of over 600%. Under low disease pressure, the best three varieties were ICGV-SM 01513, ICGV-SM 01514, ICGV-SM 01502 yielding 1.8 – 2.5 t ha-1 this compared to the released resistant check ICG 12991 yield of 1.4 and the standard check JL 24 yield of 1.2 t ha-1 ( a yield advantage 153 – 215%). • In Tanzania the top three entries were ICGV-SM 01506, ICGV-SM 99574 and ICGV-SM 01504. However none of the entries were superior to the check JL 24. The apparent superiority was not expressed because there was no rosette disease pressure. • In Zambia the top three entries were ICGV-SM 99589, ICGV-SM 96714 and ICGV-SM 99568 yielding 0.90 – 0.96 t ha-1 compared to the released check Katete (0.77 t ha-1). • In Zimbabwe the top three entries were ICGV-SM 86068, ICGV-SM 01514 and ICGV-SM 96714 yielding 1.53 – 2.00 t ha-1 compared to the released check Nyanda (1.22 t ha-1) With funding support obtained from the McKnight Foundation, the identified superior entries above will be subjected to farmer and market preference tests next season to further prioritize germplasm which will form the basis for a MAB for groundnut improvement in ESA region. ES Monyo 119
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
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Page 112 and 113: The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 130 and 131: Project 5 Producing more and better
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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Page 136 and 137: Grain mold resistance in selections
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Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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