ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical information and public awareness literature developed and disseminated (KBS/HCS/SP, 2007) A public awareness flyer ‘Hybrid Pigeonpea–Seeds of Excellence’ was prepared and widely distributed among researchers and seed producers. This flyer contains information on hybrid technology, characteristics of A/B and R- lines, performance of some heterotic hybrids, and training opportunities. KB Saxena, HC Sharma and S Pande Milestone 5A.7.1.4: Capacity of NARS and seed sector scientists/technicians in hybrid breeding strengthened (KBS/KML, annual) A total of 35 persons from NARS and the private seed sector were trained at Patancheru in hybrid pigeonpea breeding and production technology. KB Saxena and K Madhavi Latha Milestone 5A.7.1.5: Molecular markers and genetic maps developed and exchanged with the scientific community (RV/DAH/ KML/HDU/NM/KBS, 2010) Efforts have been initiated for molecular characterization of 25 male-sterile and 30 restorer lines through micro satellite and DarT markers. The leaf samples of these lines have been collected and DNA extracted. The molecular characterization work is in progress. Rajeev Varshney, DA Hoisington, K Madhavi Latha, HD Upadhyaya, N Mallikarjuna and KB Saxena Output 5B: Enhanced molecular genetic and phenotyping platforms for drought and salinity screening and parental lines of hybrid sorghum, pearl millet and pigeonpea with improved tolerance to abiotic stresses, made available to partners with associated knowledge and capacity building in SAT Asia Sorghum and Pearl Millet MTP Output Targets 2006: Three sorghum varieties with greater tolerance to salinity identified and made available to partners Six pearl millet hybrid parental lines and populations with superior tolerance to salinity identified and made available to partners New pearl millet hybrid parents selected for salinity tolerance in pot culture available for field testing New genetic variability in sorghum introgressed and new derivates less sensitive to terminal drought stress available to partners along with grain mold resistant hybrid parents I. Sorghum Output target 5B.1: At least five salinity-tolerant sorghum breeding lines/populations and a mapping population developed (2009) Activity 5B.1.1: Developing/identifying salinity-tolerant improved breeding lines/populations and associated QTL Milestone 5B.1.1.1: Five salinity-tolerant breeding lines/populations developed/ identified (BVSR/VV, 2009) Introgression of salinity-tolerance into high-yielding backgrounds: A total of 405 F 3 s were produced from 139 F 2 s derived from the crosses between salinity-tolerant breeding lines and high-yielding B-lines during the 2006 rainy season. Similarly, a total of 139 F 3 s were produced from 54 F 2 s derived from the crosses between salinity-tolerant breeding lines and high-yielding R-lines during the 2006 rainy season. These are being further advanced. 162
Comparative performance of hybrids for salinity tolerance: A trial of 30 hybrids along with three checks, viz, CSH 16, SP 40646 and ICSB 406 was conducted during 2006 rainy season at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Gangavathi to ascertain the salinity tolerance and grain yield in large grain backgrounds. Among them, 16 hybrids with a grain yield range of 4.8 to 6.0 t ha -1 were on par with the hybrid check CSH 16 (6.6 t ha -1 ). For grain size, 25 hybrids with a range of 2.76 to 3.56 g 100 -1 were comparable with the best check SP 40646 (3.22 g 100 -1 ) in the saline soil (10 dS m -1 ) at ARS, Gangavathi. BVS Reddy Pot-culture trial of parental lines and hybrids: A total of 38 parental lines of sorghum were tested for salinity tolerance, along with 34 hybrids. There was a large variation among the lines for the grain yield ratio (grain yield salinity/grain yield control) ranging from 0.022 to 0.536, which is a proxy for salinity tolerance. Most of the accessions tested appeared to have low ratio, indicating that they were susceptible to salinity. Genotypes ICSB 405, ICSR 170, ICSR 93034, ICVS 93046, ICSV 745, GD 65115, SP 47513, SP 47519, SP 39105, SP 39053 had high ratios and were, therefore, tolerant to salinity. Regarding the stover yield ratio (stover yield salinity/stover yield control), most of the genotypes were in the range 0.40−0.80, showing much less contrast than for yield. There was no advantage of hybrids over parents in terms of stover yield ratio, which was slightly higher for inbreds than for hybrids (0.75). The grain yield ratio was also higher for inbred parents (0.20) than for hybrids (0.13). The same was true for the absolute values of yield under salinity conditions, with average across parents being higher (8.4 g plant -1 ) than the hybrids (7.4 g plant -1 ). Therefore, it was concluded that sorghum hybrids had no significant advantage compared to inbreds under saline conditions. I. Salinity field trial of varieties: We tested promising salinity-tolerant sorghum breeding lines in coastal Orissa. There was a large range in adaptation of these genotypes to the area, and some varieties such as S 35, ICSV 112, ICSV 406, ICSR 170, ICSV 93034 were able to reach over 10 t/ha of green fodder yield in saline field over two cuttings. These data are very promising because it provides potential to have a crop grown after rice in a cropping system that usually leaves lands fallow after rice harvest, mostly because salinity levels rise during the postrainy season, which is too high for most crops. Repeat of this testing is planned for 2006−07. Vincent Vadez, L Krishnamurthy and Belum VS Reddy Milestone 5B.1.1.2: New F 6 RIL mapping populations for salinity tolerance available for phenotyping and genotyping (CTH/BVSR/VV, 2009) From the screening in milestone of breeding lines and parental lines, several suitable parents have been selected and crosses will be made to develop new RIL for QTL mapping of salinity tolerance. These crosses are: BTx 623 (tolerant) × ICSR 93024-1 (sensitive) ICSV 93046 (tolerant) × S 35 (sensitive) BTx 623 (tolerant) × S 35 (sensitive) SP 39105 (tolerant) × ICSR 93024-1 (sensitive). Vincent Vadez and L Krishnamurthy Milestone 5B.1.1.3: QTLs for salinity tolerance identified (VV/CTH, 2010) Salinity screening of parents of existing mapping populations of sorghum: Ten parents (BTx 623, IS 18551, 296B, ICSV 745, PB 15881-3, PB 15520, B 35, E 36-1, N 13, IS 9830) were tested in 2005−06 for salinity tolerance to examine whether any of these could be used for QTL mapping of salinity tolerance. We found a good contrast for the grain yield ratio between E 36-1 (0.39) and N 13 (0.13), and also between PB 15220 (0.45) and ICSV 745 (0.10). However, we did not detect any significant contrasts for the stover yield ratios among the available pairs of parental lines. V Vadez Output target 5B.2: Identification of sorghum genotypes with contrasting root traits (2009) Activity 5B.2.1: Stay-green QTL introgression lines tested for root traits (VV/CTH, 2009) 163
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Page 208 and 209: Characterization of variability in
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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