ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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TSV infection was recorded both on inoculated and subsequently emerged leaflets based on visual symptoms and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Systemic virus infection in the test accessions ranged between 0 and 100%. Twenty-four of these accessions in section Arachis that had 0 to 35% systemically infected plants were retested, and eight of these accessions did not show systemic infection in repeated trials in the greenhouse. These were ICG 8139, ICG 8195, ICG 8200, ICG 8203, ICG 8205, and ICG 11550 (A. duranensis), ICG 8144 (A. villosa), and ICG 13210 (A. stenosperma). Although, these accessions showed TSV infection in inoculated leaves ranging between 0 and 100%, the virus was not detected in the subsequently emerged leaves, indicating block in systemic spread of virus amounting to the disease resistance. The eight TSV resistant accessions are cross compatible with A. hypogaea for utilization in breeding for stem necrosis disease resistance. The resistant accessions, ICG 8139 and ICG 11550 also possess high levels of resistance to rust (P. arachidis) and late leaf spot (P. personata), and ICG 8144 to Peanut bud necrosis virus, and thus have multiple resistance to virus and pathogens, and can be used to develop multiple disease resistant peanut varieties through inter-specific breeding. Lava Kumar, Farid Waliyar, SN Nigam and R Aruna Milestone: 50 lines of advanced generation interspecific derivatives of groundnut evaluated for LLS disease and promising lines identified (FW/NM/PLK) 2008 Screening of advanced interspecific derivatives against late leaf spot resistance: About 84 selections from 4 wide crosses (Arachis kempf-mercadoi, A. glabrata, A. batizocoi, and A. duranensis) were screened for resistance to late leaf spot (LLS) under field conditions during 2006 rainy season. Field trials were laid out in a broad-bed-andfurrow (BBF) system with three replications. The size of each plot was 1.5 x 4 m, with inter-row spacing of 30 cm, and plant to plant spacing of 10 cm. TMV 2, a highly susceptible cultivar to LLS was used as an infector row after every five-test rows. Chemical sprays were used to control insect pests. At 45 days after sowing, plots were inoculated by spraying the conidial suspension of P. personata urediniospores. After inoculation, perfo-irrigation was provided daily for 30 min in the evening for 30 days to create high humidity required for disease development. The LLS incidence and severity was scored on a 1 - 9 rating scale at 91 and 106 days after sowing. The development of LLS was uniform throughout the infector rows. Among the test lines, highly significant differences were observed and coefficient of variation was in the range of 14.4 to 15.1%. Out of 84 interspecific derivatives, twentytwo lines from A. hypogaea X A. cardenasii showed high level of resistance to LLS with a score of 2, Fifty-one lines had a score of 2 to 3, nine had a score of 3 to 4, and the remaining two lines were rated >5 at 106 days after sowing (Fig. 3). The disease severity in the susceptible check was 9.0. Promising lines with a disease rating of 3 and less will be advanced. Disease score (1-9) scale 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 18-1 4366-3 4367-1 4367-6 4368-5 4371-2 4531-1 4531-4 4367-5 4368-8 4531-11 4531-3 4531-7 18-13 3657-1 4367-8 4369-5 4531-15 18-4 3664-1 4364-4 4373-15 4373-6 4374-6 CS26-CS5-2 38-4 2926-1 2928- Progenies Fig. 3. Screening of advanced interspecific derivatives against late leaf spot at 106 days after crop emergence (ICRISAT, Patancheru, 2006 rainy season). Farid Waliyar, Lava Kumar and Nalini Mallikarjuna 184
Evaluation of progenies from crosses of wild Arachis for resistance to Aspergillus flavus: Sixty progenies from wide hybridization crosses were evaluated for resistance to A. flavus seed colonization by in vitro assay. From each progeny, 60 seeds were surface sterilized with sodium hypochlorite and inoculated with A. flavus spores and kept in a moist blotter paper in a petridish in a humid box and incubated at 28°C for 6 days. Percent seed infection at the end of the 6 th day was estimated. The seed colonization ranged between 7 to 52% in all the progenies evaluated. Only 5 progenies (numbers. 2929-6, 2929-15, 4367-3, 4368-7, and 4373-15) showed less than 10% seed infection, while the rest showed a susceptible reaction. Uninfected seed from all the sixty progenies were retrieved and planted in the A. flavus sick plot at ICRISAT-Patancheru, for resistance evaluation under field conditions during the 2006 rainy season. Field screened samples are being processed for A. flavus seed infection and aflatoxin contamination and results are awaited. Farid Waliyar, Lava Kumar and Nalini Mallikarjuna Evaluation of interspecific derivatives for resistance to LLS: Eighty-four advanced interspecific derivatives lines were screened for LLS in 2005, which had a score of 2 to 3 on a 1 - 9 scale (1 = immune, and 9 = highly susceptible). These were screened for late leaf spot (LLS) in rainy season 2006. The lines which had a score of less than 3 in 2006, are presented in Table 3. Table 3. Groundnut interspecific derivatives with stable resistance to LLS (ICRISAT, Patancheru, 2006 rainy season). Genotype Generation Wild species used in the cross 2005 2006 No: LCBG-1 BC2F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-2 BC5F6 A .hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 LCBG-3 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-4 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 LCBG-5 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.3 LCBG-6 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-7 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 LCBG-8 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 LCBG-9 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-10 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.7 LCBG-11 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-12 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.3 LCBG-13 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-14 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.7 LCBG-15 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.3 LCBG-16 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-17 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.3 LCBG-18 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBP-19 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBP-20 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.7 LCBG-21 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.3 LCBG-22 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-23 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.3 LCBG-24 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.7 LCBG-25 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.7 LCBG-26 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 LCBG-27 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-28 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 LCBG-29 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 LCBG-30 BC3F5 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.3 LCBG-31 BC3F5 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.7 LCBG-32 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 3 2.0 LCBG-33 BC5F6 A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii 2 2.0 185
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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Page 156 and 157: Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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Page 182 and 183: Project 6 Producing more and better
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Page 194 and 195: Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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Page 208 and 209: Characterization of variability in
Page 210 and 211: Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
Page 212 and 213: Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
Page 214 and 215: Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
Page 216 and 217: Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
Page 218 and 219: Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
Page 220 and 221: Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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Page 228 and 229: Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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