ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205, ICSV 705, and PS 30710 showed
Milestone 5A.2.1.7: Comparisons of lines with single-QTL introgressions and QTL pyramided in two genetic backgrounds for shoot fly resistance completed (HCS/BVSR/CTH/SPD, 2010) To be reported subsequently Output target 5A.3: Variation in sorghum grain mold pathogens and mycotoxin contamination risk assessed, insect–host genotype-natural enemy interactions studied, and mechanisms of resistance to insect pests identified (2010) Activity 5A.3.1: Understanding host-pathogen-environment interaction in grain mold complex. Milestone 5A.3.1.1: Major grain mold pathogens in sorghum growing states in India identified and their distribution in relation to weather factors determined (RPT/RS, 2007) Weather variables and grain mold pathogens: We conducted a Sorghum Grain Mold Resistance Stability Nursery (SGMRSN) under the ICAR (AICSIP)-ICRISAT partnership project at five AICSIP centers Coimbatore, Dharwad, Parbhani, Palem and Patancheru. The SGMRSN 2006 consisted of 50 entries (14 from NRCS and 36 from ICRISAT). In addition to grain mold severity, data on weather variables (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) were also collected from these centers. Molded grain samples from these locations will be assayed for the presence of various mold fungi and their frequency determined. From these and earlier data sets of the past four years, the relationship between weather variables and frequency of mold pathogens at different locations will be determined. RP Thakur and Rajan Sharma Milestone 5A.3.1.2: Mycotoxin-producing isolates of Fusarium species associated with grain mold identified and characterized and genetic resistance in relation to other major pathogens determined (2009) Genetic resistance to sorghum grain mold: Identification of advanced sorghum breeding lines and germplasm accessions with improved level of grain mold resistance has been a major focus towards developing grain moldresistant hybrids. During 2006, a number of sorghum lines were screened in the glasshouse against individual pathogens and in the grain mold nursery at ICRISAT, Patancheru, against general mold fungi. Grain mold resistance in hybrid parental lines: Twenty sorghum genotypes [12 B-lines, 6 R-lines and 2 susceptible checks (CSH 9 and SPV 104)] were screened against three prominent pathogenic fungi, Fusarium verticillioides (high fumonisins-producing strain), Curvularia lunata and Alternaria alternata under glasshouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 20 genotypes × 3 fungi × 3 replications with 10 plants per replication. Panicles were inoculated at >80% flowering stage with conidial suspensions of individual fungi and exposed to wetness for 48 h after inoculation. As the visual mold infection was not clearly evident, we measured grain mold colonization at hard dough (HD), physiological maturity (PM) and on threshed grain (TG) using the blotter method and 50 grains per replication at each grain development stage. In general grain colonization by different fungi at HD was low and varied from 0 to 38%. However, grain colonization at PM and of TG was quite variable for sorghum genotypes × pathogen combinations. Grain colonization by F. verticillioides varied from 1 to 40% on test genotypes compared to 8−32% on susceptible controls. Similarly, grain colonization by C. lunata varied from 11 to 92% on test genotypes compared to 51−95% on susceptible controls, while that by A. alternata varied from 0 to 85% on test genotypes compared to 1−6% on susceptible controls. Sorghum genotypes with resistance to single and multiple pathogens were identified. Four genotypes (ICSB 352-5, ICSB 402-3, ICSB 370-2 and ICSR 89013-2) were resistant to F. verticillioides (0−9% colonization); three genotypes (ICSB 402-3, ICSB 402-1-2 and SGMR 40-1-2-3) to C. lunata (7−17% colonization) and five genotypes (ICSB 402-3, ICSB 402-1-2, IS 41397-3, SPV 462-3, SP 72519-1-3) to A. alternata (0−5% colonization). Of these, only one genotype (ICSB 402-3) was resistant to all three pathogens; four (ICSB 370-1-5, ICSV 96094-2, ICSR 89013-2 and ICSB 379-2) to both F. verticillioides and A. alternata and two (ICSB 402-1-2 and SGMR 40-1-2-3) to both C. lunata and A. alternata. This information would be useful for breeding grain mold resistant hybrids and for studies on genetics and mechanism of resistance. 131
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Page 96 and 97: To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Page 100 and 101: Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
Page 102 and 103: Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
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Page 112 and 113: The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
Page 114 and 115: Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Page 124 and 125: Output Target B5: New backcross pop
Page 126 and 127: Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
Page 128 and 129: Output 4D: Technological options an
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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Page 138 and 139: complete block design with three re
Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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Page 156 and 157: Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Page 164 and 165: Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
Page 174 and 175: I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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