ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

Table 9B11. Manure effects on the water use efficiencies at Bagoua in 2004. NM is no manure; TM is
transported manure; and C1 is one year since last corralling; TDM is total dry matter; and WUE is water use
efficiency.
Manure treatment Grain yield TDM WUE (Grain) WUE (TDM)
kg ha -1 kg ha -1 kg ha -1 mm -1 kg ha -1 mm -1
NM 482 ab 1715 ab 1.7 a 6.1 ac
TM 721 bc 2910 cd 2.5 b 9.9 bc
C0 1108 d 3400 e 3.8 c 11.7 d
C1 847 c 2996 de 2.7 b 9.4 bc
C 2 2 610 b 1875 b 2.2 a 6.7 c
†Means followed by the same letter and in the same column are not significantly different with LSD test at 5 %
confidence level.
‡WUE=Yield/ET
9 B4. Watershed Interventions in Asia:
i. Runoff and soil loss from on-station watersheds at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru
P Pathak, SP Wani and R sudi
[REF16]
There are two long term watershed trials located on two different soil types at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, Alfisols
(RW2 Watershed) and Vertic Inceptisol (BW7 Watershed) that have the following treatments:
1. Crops and cropping system: Sole sorghum or Groundnut/ Pigeonpea intercrop in rotation with sorghum
2. Management: Farmers conventional tillage and fertilizer management practices -Flat land treatment and a series
of improved practices that includes a Broad Bed and Furrow (BBF) land treatment.
Total annual rainfall observed in 2005 was 1183 mm, with slight differences in seasonal rainfall observed for the
two different soil types, due to differences in planting dates. The seasonal rainfall and the hydrological responses of
the two soil types are summarized in Table 9B12 for the Alfisol Watershed and 9B13 for the Vertic Inceptisol
Watershed. Although there was no significant difference in runoff between the two land management practices on
the Alfisol, soil loss was significantly reduced under the BBF compared to flat land configuration, approximately
28% (Table 9B12).
Table 9B12 . Rainfall, runoff and soil loss from two land treatments at Alfisol (RW2) watershed, 2005.
Parameters BBF Flat
Seasonal Rainfall (mm) 1096 1096
Seasonal runoff (mm) 258 275
Peak runoff rate (m -3 s -1 ha -1 ) 0.158 0.161
Runoff as % of rainfall 23.5 25.0
Total no. of runoff events 16 16
Soil loss (t ha -1 ) 7.10 9.09
The Vertic Inceptisol recorded fewer run off events than the Alfisol, due to later planting date and the higher water
holding capacity of this soil. The BBF treatment significantly reduced runoff and soil loss compared to the flat
treatments, by 40% and 60% respectively. Peak runoff rate which is responsible for flooding and high soil loss was
also significantly lower in BBF when compared with flat system
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